Racism In Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail

In, Letter from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. response to eight white men of the religious leaders in the South, who issued a caution of his appearance in Birmingham, Alabama. For the incompetent people before him, King uses the theme of racism and examples of it. In a city where injustice happened every day to people of color, experiencing this himself, King wrote about the actions taking place. In a jail cell, detained for not having the right â€Å"permit† for protesting (King 1). The government announcing, they were in the argument of â€Å"outsiders coming in†, but in the actual sense, he was invited by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. (King 1) Also, because of the destruction that the government inflicting and the†¦show more content†¦That event takes place every single day, he and his brothers have been fitting this war against injustice. That he is tired of waiting for the right moment to start fitting back and that they should ju st sit there and just watch as it happens. â€Å"For years now I have heard the word â€Å"wait.† It rings in the ear of every Negro with a piercing familiarity† (King 3). But now King shows his readers through this and the security that he is ready for a new chapter where the African American people will finally rise up against the oppressors and fight for their basic rights for equality. King states,† We have waited for more than three hundred and forty years for our God-given and constitutional rights. Those nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jet-like speed toward the goal of political independence, and we still creep at horse-buggy pace toward the gaining of a cup of coffee at a lunch counter (King 3)†. Through Ethos, he shows his readers that they can trust his credibility of the issue and he is strong on his word that there will be change. King gets contact with the readers emotional side with Pathos. He uses Pathos to draw the reader in and them feel the same emotions that people of color deal with. â€Å"When you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact you are a Negro, living constantly at tiptoe stance, never knowing what to expect newt, plagues with inner fears and outer resentments, when you areShow MoreRelatedSociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail1214 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail Abstract The paper analyses Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† from a sociological point of view and shows how three major theories (structural functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interactionism) are treated in the letter. The paper shows different appreciation of King’s ideas and works by his contemporaries and modern people. It also explores the concepts of â€Å"nonviolentRead MoreBirmingham Jail Functional Theory1638 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail (1965) is important from both historical and sociological points of view. It is an example of self-sacrifice as in idea for the of equality of all people. Formally, King addresses this letter that he wrote while in Birmingham jail at the clergymen who opposed his protests. In fact, he applies it to everyone who approves of racism, and considers the methods of nonviolent struggle to be too radical and far fetched from achieving an actua l goalRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Analysis1617 Words   |  7 Pagesand Civil Rights activist, Mr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. King was a middle class, black man with a life-long devotion of implementing ethnic equality to African Americans nationwide. Following one of Rev. King’s peaceful protests in Birmingham, Alabama, he was jailed on accounts of â€Å"parading without a permit† (King 3). While in jail, Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote a response to â€Å"A Call For Unity,† written by eight white clergymen of Birmingham, regarding King’s actions as â€Å"unwise and untimely†Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1281 Words   |  6 Pagesyou know it. Martin Luther King Jr. was a pastor who knew it was time to stand up for African American rights. Martin Luther King Jr. was attempted to convince his readers that his beliefs on racism are true. His main focus, and audience, is the eight white clergymen and the wh ite moderate churchgoers. He is a credible source on the topic of segregation and his tone is smooth and gentle. He was not hateful in his tactics. He gets his point across rather calmly. Martin Luther King Jr. doesRead MoreAnalysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1074 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Letter from Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King Jr. In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. was serving a prison sentence in a jail in Birmingham, Alabama for nonviolently protesting through sit ins and marches.. It was during this time that King, outraged by the criticism of his methods of nonviolent direct action, wrote one of the most thoughtful arguments for civil disobedience and direct action against unjust and immoral laws. King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a poignant rebuttalRead MoreEssay on Letter From Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King Jr.742 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr. one of many great influential speakers wrote a life changing letter after being arrested for peacefully protesting African American rights. While sitting in jail Dr. King received a letter from clergymen questioning his motives and timings for being in Birmingham. In a response Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. writes a â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† vividly expressing physical and emotional purposes for his presence in Birm ingham, AL. First, in the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†Read MoreAntigone And Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail831 Words   |  4 Pages54 years ago, and even during the BC ages was it a problem. Dr King’s letter explains how he knew he broke the law by blocking a road, but did it due to the racism and injustices that were happening. In Antigone, she buries her brother even though he was not meant to, and due to she is a female and that she broke the law that was unjust her consequence is to die. Sophocles’ Antigone and Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† explore a common theme that law sometimes conflicts with justiceRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr : Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail Hao Ran Hu SUNY Broome Hao Ran Hu Global History Professor St.Clair 2016 Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail One of the interesting Documents in World History is the ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’ by Martin Luther King Jr who was born as Michael King in 1929 in Atlanta. His parents wereRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Dr. Martin Luther King1510 Words   |  7 PagesLetter from Birmingham Jail was a letter written by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. from a solitary confinement cell in Birmingham, Alabama. Some portions of the letter were written and gradually smuggled out by King s lawyer on scraps of paper including, by some reports, rough jailhouse toilet paper. Violent racist terror against African Americans was so horrible in Birmingham in the summer of 1963 that the city was being referred to by some locals as â€Å"Bombingham†. King had been arrested while participatingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail812 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1960’s, racism was still a prominent problem in America. The Civil Rights Movement was under way. Afri can Americans were fighting for their basic human rights. One of the most notable figures of the Civil Rights Movement was Martin Luther King Jr. He fought for African American’s rights using nonviolent resistance; however, during a protest in Birmingham, Alabama, Dr. King was thrown into jail. While in his jail cell, Dr. King wrote a letter to clergymen from the Birmingham jail claiming his

Lack of Judgment by King Lear Essay - 1323 Words

Lack of Judgment by King Lear King Lear is a play written by William Shakespeare that focuses on the relationships of many characters, some good, and some evil. This is a great tragedy that is full of injustice at the beginning and the restoration of justice towards the end. The good are misjudged as evil and the evil are accepted as good. It is not until the end of the play that the righteous people are recognized as such. There is great treachery and deceit involved in the hierarchy of English rule. King Lear and Gloucester both make great mistakes by banishing their righteous children and trusting in treacherous characters. Lear made the great mistake in this play when he decided to divide up his†¦show more content†¦It was obvious that she loved her father, but she could not express it the way in which Lear wanted her to. Because of this, she was disowned. Cordelia married the King of France and moved there. King Lear even referred to her as, Unfriended, new adopted to our hate, dowred with our curse, and strangered with our oath(I,i,203-204). Cordelia later showed her love for her father when she received the letters concerning Lears mental state after mistreatment at the hands of his two other daughters. It was said that, now and then an ample tear trilled down her delicate cheek(IV,iii,12-13). Cordelia then ordered some of the French soldiers to bring Lear to her so that she could look after him. Her love was further displayed when she said, But love, dear love, and our aged fathers right. Soon may I hear and see him(IV,iv,28-29)! Because of all this, I firmly believe t hat Cordelia truly loved her father and was only being honest when she refused to profess an all-encompassing love for him in order to rule a portion of Britain. Besides believing that Cordelia was true in her response, I also think that Lear was acting as a fool when he disowned his only loving daughter. He made a monumental mistake when he handed over British rule to his two evil daughters, Regan and Goneril. This is what eventually led to his mental breakdown and the deaths of several honorable and loyal British subjects. If Lear had only chosen to retain control of hisShow MoreRelated Blindness and Sight - Lack of Insight in King Lear Essays1082 Words   |  5 PagesBlindness as Lack of Insight in King Lear   Ã‚  Ã‚   Blindness can normally be defined as the inability of the eye to see, but according to Shakespeare, blindness is not only a physical impairment, but also a mental flaw some people possess.   Shakespeares most dominant theme in his play King Lear is that of blindness.   King Lear, Gloucester, and Albany are three characters through which Shakespeare portrays his theme of mental blindness, that blindness which was the primary cause of their poorRead More Comparing Oedipus Rex and King Lear Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Oedipus Rex and King Lear   Ã‚   Oedipus Rex and King Lear are, as their titles announce, both about kings. These two plays are similar in theme and in the questions they pose to the audience. The kings in each play both fall from the pinnacle of power to become the most loathed of all classes in society; Oedipus discovers that he is a murderer and committer of incest, and Lear becomes a mad beggar. Misjudgments occur in both plays, and the same questions about the gods, fate, and freeRead MoreThe Tragic Consequence of Blindness in King Lear770 Words   |  4 Pagesthe worst blindness of all, believes he sees as the best, and scorns a guide. Blindness is a major theme that recurs throughout Shakespeare’s play, King Lear. Samuel Butler’s quote can be used to describe King Lear, who suffers, not from a lack of physical sight, but from a lack of insight and understanding. Blindness is a factor in his poor judgment. It plays a major role in the bad decisions he makes. It leads to harsh treat ment of those closest to him. It is the combination of these consequencesRead MoreBlindness Of King Lear By William Shakespeare1077 Words   |  5 PagesMona Rupani ENG4U March-9- 2015 How is the theme of blindness explored in King Lear? The play King Lear, written by William Shakespeare, the theme of blindness is clearly illustrated in the characters of King Lear and Gloucester. Both characters are blind to the truth because of their unwariness and poor judgment of character. These two characters refused to see the truth about the ones that are loyal to them. This type of blindness in this play is mental. Mental blindness can also beRead MoreKing Lear as a Tragic Hero997 Words   |  4 PagesThe play of King Lear is a tragedy like many of Shakespeare’s plays, and many of them deal with the tragic hero that end up meeting their demise thanks to their tragic flaw. The tragic hero of this play is King Lear, and he is a man that is a ruler of the kingdom of Britain in the 8th century B.C. He is a very old man surrounded by grave responsibilities, which are taking care of the land and taking care of the citizens of the kingdom. Lear the tragic hero must feel suffering and contrast those goodRead MoreHow th e Sub-Plot Mirrors the Main Plot in King Lear by William Shakespeare895 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Main Plot in King Lear by William Shakespeare One can say that the sub plot does mirror the main plot to some extent. Some are in subtle ways and some are in the more obvious ways. Shakespeare has two plots in order to intensify the main theme of tragedy that runs throughout this play. The main plot is in which King Lear is the tragic hero however it is clear that just by misfortune he is deprived of something very valuable to him by error of judgment and this isRead MoreTheme Of Madness In King Lear976 Words   |  4 Pagesis the result. Ruler of the land, King Lear, betrayed by those he loves, struggles to continue on his life through means of sanity. In William Shakespeare’s play King Lear, madness is brought about through one’s power of authority, self-esteem, and internal conflict. Madness, as a result, is seen when one upholds the highest rank in power. In King Lear, Lear upholds the authority in the kingdom, using his power in forms of abuse, thus resulting in his madness. Lear abuses his power when it is timeRead More Artistic Form in King Lear1240 Words   |  5 Pages King Lear has remained one of Shakespeare’s best works, and one of the best tragedies of all time, since the beginning of the 17th century; however, some early critics believe that certain elements of the story do not satisfy the criteria for a proper tragedy. The two plot elements under speculation are the subplot and the catastrophic ending. The primary focus of the story is set on the elderly King Lear, whose pride and greed blinds him, causing him to banish his only pure daughter, Cordelia,Read MoreKing Lear and Antigone as Tragic Hero Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesBecause Lear is capable of change, he becomes a tragic hero; because Antigone is incapable of change, she never bec omes a tragic heroine. Aristotle defines a tragic hero as someone, usually a male, who â€Å"falls from a high place mainly due to their fatal flaw.† During the highest point of the tragic hero’s life, something is revealed to the protagonist causing a reversal in their fortune. This reversal of fortune is caused by the flaw in their character. Tragedy evokes catharsis, a feeling ofRead MoreKing Lear Character Analysis1511 Words   |  7 Pagesconfusing as a thing to write as the thoughts within his very own mind. King Lear had a mind that could be compared to a light switch. His emotional states change from one extreme to the other with just that flip of the switch. Lear had a vast need for power and control; this combined with his temper and enormous selfishness created room for many mental outbursts. Best stated by Henry Hudson (1911) in his character study of Lear: â€Å"We see in him something of constitutional rashness of temper, which

Mobile Application for Connect Swinburne

Question: Describe about the Innovation through mobile application for the Connect Student Portal of Swinburne Online? Answer: Introduction This report consists of the innovative idea of allowing mobile application for the student portal using Connect which is backed by Swinburne. This way the users will have access to the common platform using mobile phone net connections which is much easier than sitting near laptops and computers. Furthermore this application will allow the users to take the benefit of all the features that face book has to offer. Business background Swinburne has an application called Connect which works to bring together all the students on one platform. The main motive is to allow the users to interact with each other and help the teachers to direct them towards academic requirements and keep a control over their activities. Importance or significance The significance of the report is to allow the users to get in touch with their classmates using a mobile application which is much easier to access. This is so because the mobile phones are easy to use and carry along. In the present day world the mobile phones are also available at cheap rates. Therefore using mobile phones along with internet connections can facilitate the students to easily get connected with their classmates and teacher as well. The importance of this study is therefore to bring facility and comfort in developing an easier mode of connection using Connect. Purpose of report The purpose of the report is to suggest the various plans and features that could be added in the new mobile application of Connect which is the platform for interaction for students and teachers created by Swinburne. Issues to be discussed The issues that are going to be discussed include the followings. Benefits of using mobile applications of Connect. Features that are required to be added in the mobile applications. The main idea behind the above issues discussed is to add value to the business process. The addition of value can result in supporting the business system by adding quality in management and value service to the customers. Limitations and assumptions The limitation of the study is limited to the Swinburne students. The assumption includes the fact that the mobile applications are much easier and compatible to help connect people with each other. Discussion addressing the specifications of this assessment A. Market Gap Analysis; Market Gap Analysis is actually systematic research method of finding out the sales or business enhancement opportunity that is available in the market. Thus by filling these market gaps the company can achieve higher demand for its products and services (Corta, 1993). In our innovation of introducing mobile application for Connect the market gaps that are to filled includes the followings. 1. Access becomes easier: Access to Connect becomes an easier task through use of mobile phone applications. The students will rather find it easy to login and stay connected through their mobile phones applications as mobile phone itself is a compact object that could be carried along throughout the day. Also the requirement is just of the internet connection in the mobile phones which are also easily available. Thus students can stay login throughout the day and give their respond accordingly on Connect. Therefore the access becomes easier through introduction of mobile application. On the other hand, it is rather difficult to stay online using the desktop or laptop as these are bigger objects than mobile phones and cannot be carried along throughout day (Jayachandran, 2004). 2. Easy to understand and apply: Using mobile phone is a regular task for every student. In the present day world every single person has enough knowledge of making full use of mobile phones and its applications on regular basis. Applying mobile application therefore can help the students to easily understand the various features and use it regularly for the main purpose it has been formed. Analytical tools: A number of analytical tools can be used to fill marketing gap. The best used method is rich picture diagram. This is actually the representation of pictures along with arrows to place the possible activities in the clearest way. This method can be displayed as follows that supports the idea of mobile application for Connect. Benefits obtained from filling of the gap: A number of benefits can be obtained from filling of the marketing gap which can be stated as below. Access to Connect becomes easier for every student. It can prove to be a more economical method to stay connected. Student can use their experience of mobile phones to understand the varied features of mobile application. It will help student to stay connected throughout the day. Quick responses can be expected through the mobile applications which help stay connected all the time. Teacher can easily dictate next day task through mobile application which helps the student stay updated with the progress in the class. The demand for the application will rise. New business ventures can be entered. (Kotler Gary, 2006) B. Value Perception customer and business: Value perception is actually the mindset of customer towards the worth of the product or service. The value perception rises with the rising mindset of the customer towards a definite product which can achieve by advertising or other promotional activity. The propose mobile application can help in adding value by increasing it ability to reach out to various students and capability to make them all available online throughout the day adds value perception to this varied feature of mobile application for Connect(Terence, 2002). Competitive advantage is the cutting edge benefit that a business could gain in competition to other companies in the industry. The competitive advantage is actually tried to be achieved by adding a feature in the product that could help it differentiate from other competitors products. Also the promotion of a product with a celebrity adds to the competitive advantage. Some companies may move to achieving economies of scale which help them achieve low cost of production and gain competitive advantage for the company. For example, the company with an ability to produce automobiles with its own produced engines and latest designs instead of buying accessories from other companies will be able to achieve competitive advantage in terms of saving money during the production process(Jayachandran, 2004). The competitive advantage that Swinburne can gain from the mobile application of Connect includes the followings. Economical way to connect: In the present day world there exist a high variety of internet supporting mobile phones which are able at economical rates. This way staying connect is no longer a high cost expenditure. Economical mobile phones with internet packages are available in the market which could help in bringing cost effectiveness in connecting with others through Connect. Ability to compete with other similar applications: The mobile application of Connect will help in competition with other similar applications such as Face Book, Twitter, Whats App which are actually present day popular social connecting applications. The use of Connect can therefore be made to provide similar features but in a more responsible manner. That is the access will be open to the teacher and students of Swinburne so that every respond is received in a more responsible manner. The main motive is to deliver quality education in controlled environment and a responsible way. My thoughts: As a board CEO and a successful business owner I want to implement this proposal as I think this will not only prove to provide connection and quality education to the students but will also prove to be a beneficial deal. Through this online medium the various academic book printing companies can give their advertisements to support the education process. Also various contests can be entered by students that could help them prove their worth on the national front. Finally it can help earn good money by helping develop a business which allows the various companies to look at the proceedings and hire students after going through their records. Thus the application on one hand could help the students get good jobs and on the other hand could help the university earn as a supporting recruiter to help companies hire the most suitable candidate for them after going through the proceedings occurring online. C. ICT strategies: Information Communication Technology or ICT strategies are actually meant to communicate information to the various related parties in an organization using technological upgrade like computers, laptops, mobile phones etc. ICT has helped the present day business in the growth and development process. There exist a relation between ICT and ecommerce. Ecommerce is actually an outcome of ICT strategy which supports the idea of developing platform through online medium. The main feature of ecommerce is to bring customer and employees on one platform so that they could interact with each other for placing orders and giving feedback. Also the employees are also allowed to interact within organization so as to achieve high output and gains for the organization(Harris, 1999). This way the innovation has helped in improving business processes as follows. Proactive actions taken by the management to assist customers. Customers are facilitated to view at various products and services from home. Customer support system helps in assisting them during purchase and even after sale. Easy and quick calculations of sales and output can be retrieved from online portal. Company secrecy is maintained. Customers from distance places can be reached. Huge sales targets can be achieved. (Heger, 2007) Role of various activities that supports and improves business process includes the followings. 1. CRM Activities: CRM or Customer Relationship Management includes the managing of company activities and interactions with the potential customers so that the desired outcome can be achieved. It includes activities like use of computers and net connections for recording, analyzing and reviewing of the information related customer service, sales etc. 2. HRM Activities: HRM or Human Resource Management includes the managing of the employees in an organization. Thus the human resource management activities includes recruitment,selection, training, staffing and organizing of the employees in an organization such that the best person is employed for the specific job. 3. SCM Activities: SCM or Supply Chain Management includes management of the supply chain by coordinating various related activities using technological upgrades. This includes planning and execution of the various processes related to supply chain for achieving organization goals and objectives. 4. ERP System Activities: ERP or Enterprise Resource Planning is management software that helps in collecting and analyzing data related to sales, marketing, inventory etc. This way it is an integrated support system that helps in application of various business activities. The possible security risks and threats with this new technological innovation include the followings. Fear of personal and secret information leakage by cyber hackers. Software problems can lead to loss of important information. Misuse of technology for bothering others. Requirements of seamless internet connection. Expenditures on twenty four support system for the business that has been developed on latest technological up gradation. D. Time to market and costing including Gantt chart: The competitive advantage that the mobile application for Connect can offer to the student and Swinburne includes its compatibility with the student resource. That is the mobile application will help in proceedings of class related projects and other serious talks that could help in learning. Also the availability of student resource through mobile application will help students learn and understand from where ever they want to(Waldman, 2006). For instance if a student is working part time then he can stay connected with the class work and other students and could respond accordingly and learn better just with the help of the mobile applications. The estimated duration and cost of the innovation can be explained as follows. Activity Preceding Activity Duration (months) Cost ($000's) ES EF LF A 1 20 0 1 1 B A 5 45 1 6 6 C A 2 30 1 3 11 D B 4 52 6 10 10 E C 2 40 3 5 13 F D 4 56 10 14 14 G D,E 3 36 10 13 16 H F 2 30 14 16 16 I G,H 4 60 16 20 20 Total 27 369,000 The activities can be defined as follows. Activities Work A Taking thoughts of various students on project through surveys. B Making initial Investment in mobile application through assigning task of making mobile application to the professionals. C Reviewing progress and giving second installation for progress of making mobile application D Making pilot survey of mobile application on selected students. E Third installation made to the professionals along with the feedbacks from surveys for improvements. F Fourth installation made and the application is tried on selected students G Further improvements is suggested H The application is tested on all students offering them access to the application through free registration. I Final installation is paid and the application is bought. This way the whole project will take 27 months and 369,000 dollars as expenditures to achieve a perfect mixture of feature for the project of developing the best mobile application of Connect. Conclusion: In the end, the mobile application can help in achieving various objectives including the benefit to the student who can stay connected with the class work. The students can easily interact with other fellow students and teacher as well to gain knowledge and understand the class proceedings. This way the various class projects can be completed easily in accordance with the connection that supports the availability of teacher and other students online. The varied features in the mobile application will also help in browsing the various student resources so that the students who are working part time could access the information from their mobile phones and make full use of the mobile application in learning process. This way the mobile application intends to support the whole education system. Finally it could also help the students getting good jobs and recruiter getting access to the year on proceedings of the students to decide on the best candidate for their job. Also the universi ty can earn good money by offering the software application available to other colleges and university. Swinburne could even earn a mediator for recruitment by offering data though this software. References: Bibliography Abiodun, E.J.A., 2009. Human Resources management, an overview. 110-121: Concept Publication. Armstrong, M., 2006. A handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (10th edition). London: Kogan Page. Corta, J.W., 1993. TQM for sales and marketing management. McGraw-Hill. Goldstein, D., 2007. What is Customer Segmentation. [Online] Available at: mindofmarketing.net. Hamiliton, F. Cynthia, J.B., 2005. The importance of context, beliefs and values in leadership development. Business ethics: A European Review, p.4. Harris, T.L., 1999. Value-Added Public Relations. McGraw-Hill Professional. Heger, B.K., 2007. Linking the employee value proposition (evp) to employee engagement and business outcomes: Preliminary findings for a linkage research pilot study. Organization development Journal, pp.121-33. Hofstede, G., 2001. Culture's Consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Jayachandran, S., 2004. Marketing Management. Excel Books India. Kotler, P. Gary, A., 2006. Principles of Marketing. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Malhotra, N.K., 2002. Basic Marketing Research: A Decision-Making Approach. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.: Prentice Hall. Oribabor, P.E., 2009. Human Resource Management: A Strategic Approval. Human Resource Management, pp.9(4): 21-24. Rowold, J., 2008. Multiple effect of Human Resource Development interventions. Journal of European Industrial Training, pp.32-44. Samli, C.A., 1995. International consumer behavior: its impact on marketing strategy development. Quorum Books. Snower, D., 1996. Acquiring Skills: Market failures, their symptoms and policy responses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Terence, J., 2002. International HRM: A Cross-Cultural Approach. London: Sage Publications. Ulrich, D., 1996. Human Resource Champions. The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Waldman, D., 2006. Cultural and Leadership predictors of corporate social responsibility values of top managment: A Globe study of 15 countries. Journal of International business studies., 37(6), pp.823-97. Appendix:

Slavery and sectional attitudes free essay sample

During the mid 1800’s many Americans began to have mix feelings over the issue of slavery. Many northern Americans believed that slavery was morally wrong and that it was an evil. Southerners on the other hand believed it was a good for the economy as well as for commerce. This great split of attitudes between the north and the south eventually led to threat of the civil war. The North saw the issue of slavery as an evil. They believed that slavery was an impurity that became accustomed to life in America, in which made other systems of commerce forgotten. In a nation where freedom and equality is given, the property owning of people is wrong. In Hinton Helper’s â€Å"The Impending Crisis,† Hinton stresses the economic effects of slavery to the U. S. He goes on suggesting that the U. S cannot depend on only slavery and the staple crops to pull the nation forward. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery and sectional attitudes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Especially, if the nation wants to become a great political nation, it should seek other means for obtaining wealth. (Document E). In every way Hinton tried to impose the idea that the north can also provide much commerce like the south. There was no need for slavery to continue in a growing society where the nation can do more than just produce cotton. The north was able to produce and manufacture products without the use of slaves, why couldn’t the south? That’s what many northerners believed. Though if abolitionist got their way in ending slavery then there would be an end to the cultivation of cotton. The country cannot go on cultivating such a ‘prized’ crop without the hands of slaves. It was an impossible thought for the south. If labor work didn’t continue in the south then the south would fall. (Document B). Abraham Lincoln’s speech in Illinois (Document D) warned all Americans that if the exploitation of slaves for a profit continued then the nation may dwindle and maybe even their freedom. The use of slaves in the U. S went against our very own principles of freedom and equality. But not everybody felt that way. Southerners believed that slaves were not only more reasonable and useful but also more comfortable than the factory works of England or Irish peasants. The peasants of foreign countries are treated more harshly with excess amounts of labor plus the add-ons of horrible working conditions. However, southerners such as Governor George McDuffie argue that slaves in the south are exempt to those harsh conditions ever since the slave trade ended. Most southerners believed that they were doing a â€Å"favor† for slaves since slaves were uneducated people. They believed that by clothing them, feeding them, and putting a roof over their head they were creating a good for these people. Pro-Slavery South believed if these uncivilized people went off into the world, they wouldn’t survive, so for them to be bought into slavery was not only helping them out but it was also creating wealth for the economy. (Document A). However, the anti-slavery novel â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† which sold up to 270,000 copies is what more or less convinced folks  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œthat were against the anti-slavery reforms– that slavery was dehumanizing. This book fired up the emotions of most northerners to run to the aid of abolitionist. Though this book revolutionized the minds of many, it also depicted the south in a negative way. Many southerners were outraged because to them slaves were a common thing in life. (Document F). So common of a thing that there were even slaves that cared for white children and raised them (Document C). Slavery in the U. S during the 1800’s was a debated topic. It was important for northerners to try and revoke slavery in the nation for it was a true evil. Then again, it was important for southern commerce, economy, and life itself. Slavery was not just an issue dehumanized people, but it was an issue that split the country. Not everyone was in favor for it. Northerners fought to prohibit the use of slavery in the country, for there were more ways to produce commerce. Southerners fought to allow the use of slavery in the country, for it created an economic boost in the cotton industry.

Understanding Diacritical Marks in French

Understanding Diacritical Marks in French There are four French accents for vowels and one accent for a consonant. Understanding each of these accents is vital because they actually change the pronunciation of the letters that they modify, essentially creating completely different letters for the French language.   Vowel Accents The accent aigu  ´ (acute accent) can only be on an E. At the beginning of a word, it often indicates that an S used to follow that vowel, e.g., à ©tudiant (student).The accent grave (grave accent) can be found on an A, E, or U. On the A and U, it usually serves to distinguish between words that would otherwise be homographs; e.g., ou (or) vs oà ¹ (where).The accent circonflexe ˆ (circumflex) can be on an A, E, I, O, or U. The circumflex usually indicates that an S used to follow that vowel, e.g., forà ªt (forest). It also serves to distinguish between homographs; e.g., du (contraction of de le) vs dà » (past participle of devoir).The accent trà ©ma  ¨ (dieresis or umlaut) can be on an E, I, or U. It is used when two vowels are next to each other and both must be pronounced, e.g., naà ¯ve, Saà ¼l. Consonant Accent The cà ©dille  ¸ (cedilla) is found only on the letter C. It changes a hard C sound (like K) into a soft C sound (like S), e.g., garà §on. The cedilla is never placed in front of E or I, because C always sounds like an S in front of these vowels. Capital Letters It is essential to put accents in their proper places; an incorrect or missing accent is a spelling mistake just as an incorrect or missing letter would be. The only exception to this is capital letters, which are often left unaccented.

Animal Domestication - Table of Dates and Places

Animal Domestication - Table of Dates and Places Animal domestication is what scholars call the millennia-long process that created the mutually beneficial relationship that exists today between animals and humans. Some of the ways people benefit from owning a domesticated animal include keeping cattle in pens for access to milk and meat and for pulling plows; training dogs to be guardians and companions; teaching horses to adapt to the plow or take a farmer to visit relatives living long distances away; and changing the lean, nasty wild boar into a fat, friendly farm animal.   While it may seem that people get all of the benefits out of the relationship, people also share some of the costs. Humans shelter animals, protecting them from harm and feeding them to fatten them up and make sure they reproduce for the next generation. But some of our most unpleasant diseasestuberculosis, anthrax, and bird flu are just a fewcome from the proximity to animal pens, and it is quite clear that our societies were directly molded by our new responsibilities. How Did That Happen? Not counting the domestic dog, who has been our partner for at least 15,000 years, the animal domestication process started about 12,000 years ago. Over that time, humans have learned to control animal access to food and other necessities of life by changing the behaviors and natures of their wild ancestors. All of the animals that we share our lives with today, such as dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, camels, geese, horses, and pigs, started out as wild animals but were changed over the hundreds and thousands of years into more sweet-natured and tractable partners in farming.   And its not just behavioral changes that were made during the domestication processour new domesticated partners share a suite of physical changes, changes that were bred it either directly or indirectly during the domestication process. A reduction in size, white coats, ​and floppy ears are all mammalian syndrome characteristics bred into several of our domestic animal partners.   Who Knows Where and When? Different animals were domesticated in different parts of the world at different times by different cultures and different economies and climates. The following table describes the latest information on when scholars believe different animals were turned from wild beasts to be hunted or avoided, into animals we could live with and rely on. The table summarizes the current understandings of the earliest likely domestication date for each of the animal species  and a very rounded figure for when that might have happened. Live links on the table lead to in-depth personal histories of our collaborations with specific animals. Archaeologist Melinda Zeder has hypothesized three broad pathways in which animal domestication might have occurred. commensal pathway: wild animals were attracted to human settlements by the presence of food refuse (dogs, cats, guinea pigs)prey pathway, or game management: in which actively hunted animals were first managed (cattle, goats, sheep, camelids, reindeer, and swine)directed pathway: a deliberate effort by humans to capture, domesticate and use the animals (horses, donkeys, camels, reindeer). Thanks to Ronald Hicks at Ball State University for suggestions. Similar information on the domestication dates and places of plants is found on the Table of Plant Domestication. Sources See table listings for details on specific animals. Zeder MA. 2008. Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(33):11597-11604. Domestication Table Animal Where Domesticated Date Dog undetermined ~14-30,000 BC? Sheep Western Asia 8500 BC Cat Fertile Crescent 8500 BC Goats Western Asia 8000 BC Pigs Western Asia 7000 BC Cattle Eastern Sahara 7000 BC Chicken Asia 6000 BC Guinea pig Andes Mountains 5000 BC Taurine Cattle Western Asia 6000 BC Zebu Indus Valley 5000 BC Llama and Alpaca Andes Mountains 4500 BC Donkey Northeast Africa 4000 BC Horse Kazakhstan 3600 BC Silkworm China 3500 BC Bactrian camel China or Mongolia 3500 BC Honey Bee Near East or Western Asia 3000 BC Dromedary camel Saudi Arabia 3000 BC Banteng Thailand 3000 BC Yak Tibet 3000 BC Water buffalo Pakistan 2500 BC Duck Western Asia 2500 BC Goose Germany 1500 BC Mongoose? Egypt 1500 BC Reindeer Siberia 1000 BC Stingless bee Mexico 300 BC-200 AD Turkey Mexico 100 BC-AD 100 Muscovy duck South America AD 100 Scarlet Macaw(?) Central America before AD 1000 Ostrich South Africa AD 1866

Assignment 6 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

6 - Assignment Example In this particular case, the plaintiff was able to sue her employer for the simple reason that the employer relieved her of her duties on the basis of her age. Following this, the plaintiff went ahead to request for a jury trial although the district court failed to grant her this favour. However, the Supreme Court finally received an appeal concerning the case in order to give a clear statement on whether the jury was justified to give a verdict on the issues brought up by the plaintiff in accordance to ADEA despite the fact that these issues were considered to be private (Bible 163). According to the Supreme Court, such a violation is equivalent to the violation of the Fair Labour standards and if the case went through taking the available evidence into consideration, it would imply that the plaintiff deserved monetary compensation. A simple fact of the matter is that the plaintiff in this situation is presented with an option of approaching the Secretary of Labor who would try to solve the issue without too much involvement of the law. If the secretary spends more than sixty days without starting up a relevant follow up, the plaintiff was expected to sue the defendant. On the contrary, if the secretary started actions towards compensation of the plaintiff by the defendant, then the right to sue the defendant would be denied. Realizing that he was wrong as long as the ADEA was being used to deal with this case, the complainant had no any other option other than wait and listen to the Supreme Court’s final verdict (Bible 164) An interviewer, who eliminates a candidate just because of medical condition of low vision capability can be sued since given some reasonable accommodation, the candidate can still perform as much as the normal humans would perform. Similarly, an employer who rejects a candidate with AIDS is liable to being sued since this is discrimination based on employee’s state of

Thomas Merton biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thomas Merton biography - Essay Example On December 10th, 1941, he joined the Abbey of Gethsemani. He was active in the life of the abbey as a writer for many years, but from 1965 to 1968, he lived as a hermit in its precincts. His writings would take up controversial issues and developing concerns. Many people thought his political attitudes were unbecoming of a monk. Before his death, he became deeply familiar with Eastern philosophy such as Zen Buddhism. He actively promoted East-West dialogue during the 1960s, and during a trip to a conference on East-West dialogue, Merton died. In Bangkok on December 10, 1968, he was accidentally electrocuted. His legacy is still felt today. He was one of the few Christians who commended the Eastern philosophies. Many people see Thomas Merton as a spiritual leader, a great writer, and a man who exemplified the quest for God in human solidarity. In 1969 donations from his aunts, Agnes and Beatrice Merton began a special collection of his work kept by Christchurch City Libraries. Some of his work is still being published

Confirmation Letter Essay Example for Free

Confirmation Letter Essay The reason why i am seeking the rite of confirmation is because i have followed the catholic religion all of my life and want to be part of the catholic religion for the rest of my life. i would like to raise my children and family as catholics. I believe in jesus christ and all the teachings of the bible. I have been baptized, ive had my first communion and its only natural that i would take the next step to be confirmed. im looking forward to being seen as an adult in the eyes of the catholic church. I will attend church masses on a regular bases. Another reason why i want to be confirmed is because its one of the seven sacrements. Sacrements are signs of Gods life and love. Confirmation is the sign that gods holy spirit will love you and always be with you. The sacrement of confirmation is the strength to be faithful to gods will, to be a strong and perfect catholic. Confirmation is a stage in catholic religion after Baptism, and is completed in the reception of the holy eucharist in communion. One last reason why i would like to get confirmed is to recieve the holy spirit and you become more responsible. When you recieve the holy spirit you are recieving God and it will help you make decisions and it will comfort you and strengthen you. Getting confirmed will also make you become more responsible because if you say you want to be confirmed then you are responsible for coming to church each week, praying more and acting more like jesus.

Hindu Gods in the Rig Veda :: essays research papers

The Hindu Tradition 1.) Agni Agni is mentioned as many different things such as: the household priest king god of sacrifice, most brilliant leader of all gods, wish granter, shines up in darkness, guardian of the order, lord of power and master of sacrificed food, always included in sacrifices to other gods, favorite priest, sharp sight of a poet, great speaker who inspires all with his shining speech, the first god to rejoice in human friendship, lord of tribes, the chief priest who finds riches and a combination of Indra (the strongest of all except Agni) and the wide striding Vishna who is worthy of reverence. Worshippers of Agni want to: hold a safe household, find riches and treasure, grow as a person in wealth and happiness, give animal (human?) sacrifice to him, be inspired by his speeches, protection of their tribes and always be granted what they wish for. Angiras Angiras was mentioned just once in this text as the mediator between heaven and Earth. This name is related to the English word: Angel. Varuna Varuna was said to have spread out the Earth, extended the air above the trees, put strength in horses, milk in cows, will power in the heart, fire in waters, the sun in heaven, Soma upon the mountains, caused rain by pouring his leather bag, moistened the Earth, to be the magic (maya) worker and measured the Earth to the Sun with a measuring rod. Worshippers of Varuna ask for reconciliation from him and forgiveness of sins or offenses. Mitra and Aryaman These two were listed but there were not any writings about them except that they did have powers. I wonder whether Aryaman is the Leader of the gods for the Aryan people or tribe. Manu The first man on Earth according to the Rig Veda, he is the Clan founder or Adam, Noah, Abraham or Moses. He is only listed on these texts. Indra Indra is mentioned in these texts as: the bull, the strongest of all that exist (except Agni), he is one of the most honored besides Agni, the warrior king of 33 gods of Manu, wielder of thunderbolt, a killer of dragons, killer of the first born dragon, overpowering the wily tricksters, the god who brought forth the sun, heaven and dawn, not having anymore enemies after Vritra, the greatest enemy of Indra, who challenged Indra, who is without shoulders. Indra killed Vritra with a thunderbolt, broke his nose and crushed him.

A Report On LVMH HR Policies Education Essay

Lvmh HR policies are in surplus of required and implement on the concern groups and companies. Through flexible regulation, it besides provides organisation. The map of corporate HR is to normalise certain ways, to exemplify program and to give force to companies ‘ HR squads. In connexion with scheme, HR offers other than hardly of all time oblige. An employee work reciprocally with the concern group which study to corporate central office. Approximately 55 to 60 % of advancements are controlled by companies, the else managed by the concern groups or corporate. There are four types of HR directors at Lvmh. Subsequent the group ‘s construction, they operate on four degrees: corporate, regional, concern group and company degree. The subordinate HR Director or the individual moving as such, studies to the subordinate ‘s President. The subordinate ‘s HR Director gets recommendation and shore up from his company. The concern group ‘s HR Director organizes his companies ‘ HR Directors through monthly meetings. The intent of these meetings is to place vacant places throughout the universe and to analyze the list of possible campaigners for these places, between which are the Ready to Move. Lvmh has ready internal mobility – both geographic and functional – a footing of their human resources policy. This cross-fertilisation of experience within their ecosystem under the consolidative umbrella of the group creates matchless cause of proficient and personal fulfillment. International mobility is indispensable portion of every prospective calling way. It targets to make planetary directors many of them have far above the land cardinal practical move. As an illustration the caput of HR development remember the instance of a Gallic insurance specializer in the manner concern unit who was sent to Romania to head a shoe mill. LVMH be on familiar footings with they could make with hazards to develop likely impending. It needs to set them in new fortunes to assist them develop new accomplishments and set up their bravery. Lvmh actively supports the professional development of its employees. The decentralised organisation of the Lvmh group encourages single enterprise. Half of Lvmh ‘s senior executives and over 40 per cent of managerial staff are Gallic, whereas the Gallic history for 37 per cent of the group ‘s planetary work force. HR needs to develop more planetary concern directors so they can be a portion of globalized top direction. Lvmh mobility procedure works on the web of HR squads who largely staffed with locals. Lvmh did non direct out any experts because non hold local gift. Generally their experts fit two profiles: those sent out by the corporate HQ to command its subordinates and protect its involvements and sent out to develop their accomplishments. To back up the international concern growing relocate is lifting. Though, it non means that increasing figure of Gallic exiles will coerce this disposition. Lvmh lake of planetary directors creates their order adverse in footings of deploying adept director to company ‘s desire program or task given to that director. Lvmh did non pull experts by giving them higher fringe benefits in footings of their degree. The group is motivated for cost effectivity. They know that a good bundle is indispensable, but that it non the chief encouragement to travel abroad. The primary balance-sheet move in the way of bundle is based on the benchmark that proficient should neither lost nor turn from their reallocate. Lvmh ‘s C & A ; B section has connected this draw near as a direct for it does remunerate bundle policy. Specific state based salary is evident for international mission. Salary will acquire hire during the period of mission. That is used as a vital for work out of societal security and pension payments. The mobility rewards are mean comparison to local labor market. Lvmh distinguishable two types of high potencies, HP1 and HP2 is an single likely to accomplish a top direction place such as member of Board commissions, Regional president or Subsidiary president. An HP2 is an employee probably to travel up one or two stairss in the hierarchy. For corporate HR this word picture of high potency is excessively wide and is more relevant for level constructions. It is now sing contracting it. It would retain the definition of HP1 and include those who are considered to be experts in their field. Lvmh is giving specific undertaking or mission to the planetary director in their working content for specific period and give him or her full authorization to take determination for the company, besides they want to larn from this sort of freedom to make new or dare things. Undertaking 2To fit the planetary demand of concern working form Lvmh has to deploy local people instead than experts from the Gallic, because they do non hold know the local civilization or local market how they react in new or old section for their merchandises or what is the tendency among them for Lvmh ‘s merchandises. If they select local director with relevant expertness for their desire undertaking or purpose to accomplish. In this status they can acquire director with accomplishment which they want and besides acquire betterment from his cognition about their merchandise fiting the local public positions and if possible implement them for acquiring better consequences. For LVMH operates in all over universe so, they have to believe globally and move locally for their operations. For illustration they have decided same regulations and ordinances for the all employee universe broad like their rewards and benefits. In France they have decided to give 6500 ˆ per month wage to the planetary director for giving his or her services to the company as per same wage may non be pay in other continent like Asiatic states China or India. Populating criterion in all continents is different so, their policies should be different than headquarter and subordinate in footings of rewards. Lvmh has to take attention for the different civilization base for their scheme in HRM for illustration in Japan they can non deploy younger director on the employee who is senior in footings of age so him or her, because Nipponese have cultural usage that they respect elder individual and do non traverse their words of all time so, in that manner Lvmh has to be specific about cultural differences. Like in South East Asia India is a populated state and have more knowledge base potency campaigners are available to fit their standards but they have to maintain in head that Indian civilization is a versatile and full of festivals. If they want to establish the new merchandise there they have to look frontward for the appropriate gay season for their merchandises and the director who familiar with the usage of this festival and achieve company ‘s end. Before directing the planetary trough on his or her assignment they has to be given developing about linguistic communication which is locally spoken over at that place and have good bid over at least 3 linguistic communications other so French. Looking frontward the HRM policies of Lvmh is to follow divergency in footings of local environment like in UK people like to imbibe Beer while in USA and France prefer to imbibe Wine. Such things keep in head and develop their program for act in a planetary market through their planetary directors who really implement their policies to their concern. Undertaking 3Lvmh has created his name in the planetary universe so they have to choose planetary linguistic communication like Good English talking individual because in the yesteryear they select staff from the France merely, they ca n't talk English fluently for that they have to larn English as a preparation and development undertaking which is programmed by HR section and educate them to cover in English at planetary degree.

Advocate general short notes Essay

Today human rights are central to the discourse of International Public Policy and Scholarship. And the mechanisms have evolved dramatically since the signing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) on 10 December 1948. Human Rights do not exist in a vacuum, inevitably, they are formulated by individuals and state and they are implemented by states themselves. However, a number of national, regional and international bodies exercise responsibility for overseeing the monitoring of human rights and ensuring that states comply with obligation. The Constitution of India was drafted by the Constituent Assembly on 9th December, 1946 and after long discussions and debates by the foremost legal luminaries and thinkers of our country the draft Constitution was finally adopted on 26th November, 1949. The framers of the Indian Constitution were influenced by the concept of human rights and guaranteed most of human rights contained in the UDHR. The UDHR contains Civil and Political as well as Economic Social and Cultural rights. While Civil and Political rights has been incorporated in Part III of Indian Constitution i. e. Fundamental Rights, as Economic Social and Cultural rights have been incorporated in Part IV of the Constitution i. e. Directive Principles of States Policy. The inclusion of important provisions of UDHR in the Constitution of India has given them supremacy over all other statutory provisions. The table shows that many of Civil and Political rights enshrined in the UDHR also find mentioned in Part III of Indian Constitution as Fundamental Rights. However, these are certain rights which are contained in the UDHR but have not been expressly mentioned in the Constitution. These rights are; Â · No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Article5). Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law (Article 6). Â · Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him (Article 10) Â · Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense [Article11. (1)]Â · No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, or to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks (Article 12. ) Â · Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country [Article13. (2)] Â · Everyone has the right to a nationality [Article 15. (1)] Â · Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution [Article 16. (1)] Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives [Article 21. (1)] Article 21 of the Indian Constitution is of widest amplitude and several unremunerated rights fall within it. These rights are: Right to go abroad

A Changing America essays

A Changing America essays The 1920s, one of the most important eras in American history. It carried high prestige because of the fact that the 1920s changed everything, from the way people thought about themselves to the way people had fun and kept themselves entertained. It was an era that had drastic changes in political attitude, economic attitude, and cultural values. The topics addressed in chapter 12 reflect a changing America in that American values and attitudes all changed due to the new wave thinking brought on by the 1920s. The first major change in American society was the change that occurred in Americas political attitude. The most major change in political attitude was due to Americans newfound hatred of immigrants. Because the 1920s instilled a sense of national pride and nationalism many Americans were against immigrants. People did not like immigrants because of the fact that they felt they were un-American and gave America a bad name. Since the 1920s made people feel important because of new found income and entertainment, it made people believe that any time there was a problem in America it was not because of an American. Therefore a lot of the blame was placed on immigrants. So in order to keep America American the government put heavy restrictions on immigrants. One of these restrictions was the Act of 1921, which limited the amount of immigrants entering the United States from Europe. Then in 1924 the American government decided to lower the amount of European immigrants and exclude all Asian immigrants. Another occurrence in the 1920s that explains the changing political attitude was Prohibition. Prohibition was a law that was passed through a new Amendment that outlawed the consumption and sale of alcohol. This was yet another attempt by the American government to eliminate all things that they felt brought America down. Even though Prohibition decrea ...

ACT Book Guide The Best Books for Intense Study

ACT Book Guide The Best Books for Intense Study SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Albert Einstein, who's generally considereda pretty smart guy, said, "It's not that I'm so smart. It's just that I stay with problems longer." That type of commitment, as anyone who's studying for the ACT knows, is its own formof intelligence, and it's what will help you accomplish your long-term goals. This book guide is meant for students looking to "stay with problems longer" and study intensively, like 100 or more hours, to maximize their scores on the ACT.If you're a student who wants to leave no stone unturned as you prep for the ACT, then these are the books for you. Before delving into the ACT prep book list, a word about what perspective I'm coming from in my recommendations. Perspective Check The ACT books on this list all have strengths and weaknesses, but taken together they can provide you with comprehensive instruction, insightful strategies, and a huge number of practice questions. Since all these books add up to hundreds of pages, I'll suggest an agenda below to help you study from them in a coherent sequence. These recommendations are based off of the experiences of myself, ACT experts, and students. These are the ACT preparation books that offer a level of detail and insight into the testbeyond the ordinary. They'll help you achieve mastery in each section of the test. At the same time, I think that self-studying from books presents some extra challenges for students. One lies in the comprehensive nature of these ACTprep books. Because they're so comprehensive, they can feel overwhelming. It can be difficult to know where to start and how to use them in a more effective way than attempting(and struggling) to read them cover to cover. The best ACT study plan is customized to your individual needs, target scores, and strengths and weaknesses. You don't want to waste time drilling yourself on vocabulary you already understand or probability questions you could do in your sleep. Instead, you want to make sure you're making an effective use of your time, targeting your weak areas, and building your confidence where you need it most. PrepScholar's online ACT prep program was created with these challenges in mind. It has all the best parts of these books, with critical lessons, strategies, and practice questions, plus it adds the unique feature of customization. The prep program diagnoses your level and individualizes the study plan to you, ensuring your prep is as focused and effective as possible. Plus it helps you design a schedule and stay accountable, two things that are tough to prioritize when you're studying completely on your own with ACTprep books. Regardless of whether or not you're interested in trying the 5 day free trial of PrepScholar's ACT prep program, you should explore our detailed study guides on the ACT. We have answers to all your questions about the ACT, from how to read the passages to saving time on math to how to best review your practice test mistakes. Our goal is to make sure all students can access the resources they need on their path to college. That being said, read on for a thorough assessment of the best ACT preparation books for intense study, starting with the critical book all serious students need. The Critical ACT Prep Book The book that's essential to your ACT prep comes from the testmakers themselves. The Real ACT Prep Book, also known as the Red Book, is a must-have. At the same time, it's not sufficient as the only book you use. Let's look at the pros and cons of the Red Book. The Real ACT Prep Book (or the "Red Book") Amazon price: $18.18 Pros Because The Real ACT Prep Bookwas created by the ACT and contains previously administered ACT tests, its practice questions are the best ones available. There are definitely high quality practice questions that aren't "official," but they are still an imitation. The questions in the Red Book are real, and therefore they're the most useful ones you can use to get ready for the test. The Red Book has 5full length practice tests, allof which were administered to students in past years. That adds up to over17hours of practice testing with more than1,000 practice questions! Students doing intensive prep can gain a lot from all this practice testing. As I'll explain further down,students could benefit from using these tests throughout their test prep, first to diagnose their level, then to measure to progress, and finally to finish up their studying with a post-test. You can gain a ton both from the experience of practice testing and the post-test scoring and analysis. Make sure to thoroughly understand your mistakes and use them to fuel further review. While the Red Book is the best prep book for authentic practice tests and sample questions, it's lacking in some other key areas. Let's consider what it's missing and why you need to supplement it with other books. Cons There are other parts to ACT studying besides practice tests, like lessons in content and time management strategies. The Red Book has some general information in these areas, but it doesn't go as deeply as you're looking for. That's why it's best used alongside other books to reinforce your understanding, experiment with strategies, and measure your progress as you go. Another word of caution: according to ACT experts and students, the ACT has been secretly but steadily getting harder in the past few years!The Science section, especially, has been getting more complex and time-consuming, plus the Reading is tough to finish within the given time limit. While the ACT has not announced any changes, there is general agreement that the test has, in fact, changed. This means that practice tests developed and/or administered before 2010 are probably not as representative of the test you'll see today as more recent ones. They still resemble the current ACT and are useful, but they're somewhat easier in terms of content and pacing. When taking these earlier practice tests, keep a critical eye on any differences amongthe tests. Also keep in mind that you might score higher on these than you would on the more challenging test given today. Finally, the last downside to the Red Book is that the answer explanations for each question are not as thorough as they could be. Students who want to prep deeply for the test should not just understand why a correct answer is correct, but also what exactly is wrong with the other answer choices. None of the answer choices are going to be totally off base or random, so students should develop a discerning eye about the common misleading answer choices that seem reasonable, but aren't quite right in some way. Luckily, the next book in this list provides more thorough answer explanations to many of the questions in the Red Book. It explains each answer choice while also suggesting helpful thought processes to use when approaching each question type. The Best ACT Book for Strategy The similarly named ACT Black Book is my highest recommendation for gaining strategies and insights into how the ACT works. It refers directly to questions from the ACT Red Book, so the two are best used together. The ACT Prep Black Book: The Most Effective ACT Strategies Ever Published Amazon price: $19.79 Pros Can this book live up to its bold title? Actually, I do think it's one of the best books for pure strategy and in-depth understanding of the ACT. According to its author, Mike Barrett, the ACT is a predictable, standardized test. The content knowledge is not particularly advanced, but the questions are unique, even designed to trick students, in their wording. Because of this predictability, Barrett says, students can learn to see through the tricks and beat each question in the least amount of time possible. He talks about patterns and process, and gives you practical strategies for answering math, reading, science, and English questions. The Black Book also shows you over 200 solutions for some of the hardest questions in the ACT Red Book. He walks you through how to solve and think about ACT questions in a way that the Red Book doesn't. While the ACT doesn't want to reveal its secrets, Barrett's mission is to pierce through the workings of the ACT and provide a concise roadmap of the test to students. The Black Book works well for focused students who are interested in going a step beyond the usual in their ACT prep. If you're interested in taking a big picture approach to the testand analyzing its patterns, then the ACT Prep Black Book is an indispensable study aid. Cons You mightbe starting to suspect that some of these books are so high quality because they're focused on a particular aspect of test prep. The Red Book is focused on practice tests, while the Black Book is focused on strategy. Because of its singular emphasis, the Black Book does a really good job in that area. Inevitably, though, this means that it's lacking in other key areas of test prep, namely content review. The Black Book is not particularly useful for instruction in geometry or grammar rules, nor is it going to help you develop your critical reading skills. In addition, the Black Book has no practice questions of its own. While the Red Book has 5 practice tests, you'll probably want to seek even more ACT questions to apply your understanding and improve your time management. Finally, the Black Book requires a certain amount of dedication and focus from its readers. It's not the easiest read, because it dives deeply into the ACT. That's why it can be so helpful for intense study, but be aware that you'll really have to engage with the material to get the most out of it. So far we've talked about practice tests and strategies, with less of an emphasis on reviewing concepts and enhancing skills. Below are my recommendations for the best comprehensive book for content review, followed by the best books for spotlighting each individual section of the ACT. The Best ACT Book for Overall Content Review My recommendation for an ACT prep book with an in-depth breakdown of concepts and skills is Barron's ACT. Students aiming for top scores who are looking for additional practice can also check out Barron's ACT 36: Aiming for the Perfect Score(Amazon price: $9.99). This assessment will focus on Barron's ACT. Barron's ACT Amazon price: $15.15 Pros Barron's ACT thoroughly reviews the concepts and skills being tested on the Reading, Math, English, Science and Writing sections of the ACT. The Englishand Math reviews are particularly strong, with each concept broken down into subtopics like a grammar review of parallelism, transitions, and word order and a math review of intermediate algebra, plane geometry, and trigonometry. It starts with a diagnostic test, encouraging students to reflect on their strengths and weaknesses and plan their test prep accordingly. Purchase of the book will also give you access to an online component that helps you establish your skill profile and access video lessons. In addition toexampleand practice questions that illustrate and drill various concepts, Barron's ACT also has 3full-length practice tests. These aren't authentic ACT questions, but they are still high quality and useful in your prep. This is another 10+ hours of practice testing and over 600 practice questions, an essential part of intensive study. Barron's also excels in its answer explanations. Like the Black Book, it explains both why an answer is correct and what's wrong about the incorrect answer choices, an understanding that should not be overlooked in your test prep. While it's a traditional prep book written in a straightforward style, Barron's also acknowledgesthe feelings of its readers with sections on optimizing your test-taking mindset and managing any anxiety you have around the ACT. Cons As I mentioned earlier, big traditional prep books can be very useful in their thoroughness, but they can be daunting at the same time. Barron's ACT is a perfect illustration of this - chock full of content and practice questions, but intimidating in its breadth. The book suggests some study plans based on the amount of time you have to prep, but you'll also have to do some extra work to break it up into smaller, more manageable goals. Perhaps the biggest downside to Barron's ACT is how realistic the practice tests are. While they're relatively high quality, a lot of students agree that they are sometimes more difficult than the questions that will actually appear on the ACT. Their wording can be overly complicated, or sometimes they test a concept that's too advanced. While overpreparing isn't the worst thing, you want to mimic the test as much as possible so you have a strong understanding of what to expect. Again, try to keep a critical eye when taking practice tests and take factors like difficulty level into account if you notice unexpected fluctuations in your practice test scores. Finally, Barron's ACT is particularly strong on Englishand Math,and pretty useful on Reading. Its Science review is less strong than the other sections, something which occurs often across ACT prep books. While it describes the sources of passages, types of passages, and strategies for reading, along with science practice questions, you probably would want to supplement your science studying with another resource. Given this, let's look at the best resourcesspecific to each section of the ACT, starting with Science. Best Book for ACT Science Even though many students find the Science section to be the most challenging part of the ACT, until recently there were no books specifically dedicated to helping you on ACT Science. At PrepScholar, we know all the tricks for making ACT Science easier, so we decided to compile them into a book. The PrepScholar Guide to ACT Science Amazon price:about $5 Pros The PrepScholar Guide to ACT Sciencecovers every topic, skill, and question type you'll see on ACT Science which means that nothingon this section will come as a surprise on test day.That includes a list of every science fact you could be tested on, so you're only studying the science information you need to know. It also containsmultiple strategies for tackling Science passages so you can choose the method that works best for you. Most importantly,this bookalsoincludes all of our best ACT Sciencetest-taking tricks.Many students get tripped up ontheScience section because it's so different from the science tests they've taken in school. Even if you're a science whiz, you'll likely need to study how the Science section works before you can ace it. This book is your key to doing that. It shows you how to identify every trick inACTScience and learn how toavoid getting fooled by them so you can find the correct answer quickly and more easily. Cons While every chapter in this book includes sample questions to help you see and understand different concepts, there is no final quiz or exam section at the end of the book. For every section of the ACT, it's critical to take regular practice tests and quizzes to track your practice and see where you still need to improve. To fully practice everything you've learned from this book,we recommend takingfull-length Science sections. Best ACT Book for Math If you want to hone in on the math section and improve your algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and problem-solving skills, then you can do so withthe Ultimate Guide to the Math ACT. Let's take a look at where it excels and where it's not as strong. The Ultimate Guide to the Math ACT Amazon price: $17.54 Pros The Ultimate Guide to the Math ACTis a solid review of all the concepts you need to know for the Math section of the ACT. It doesn't get too advanced, but sticks to the topics that will show up on the test. Like PrepScholar, this book breaks each area - algebra, geometry, trigonometry - into small subtopics, like fractions, averages, square roots, functions, and trigonometry for rights triangles. Each lessonis illustrated with high quality practice problems, along with techniques and strategies for answering various question types. In addition to its own practice questions, this book cross-references questions in the Red Book. Overall it walks you through each and every concept you need to know for the Math section of the ACT in a clear and succinct way. Cons This book takes a minimalist approach in terms of its lessons. Some students will appreciate its straightforward, not overly explanatory style, while others might wish they hadmore description and explanation in each lesson. It's not a wordy book, but a lot of students look for that when they study math. On a similar note, this book isn't the most helpful for walking you through a problem from beginning to end. Some of its explanations are helpful, especially as they cross reference the Red Book, but it doesn't offer a lot of guidance for thinking through a problem. Nor does it evaluate problems by difficulty level or provide a frequency guide to help you prioritize more important concepts over others. Finally, this book has some errors in printing, especially in matching up the questions with the answer key. While this doesn't detract much from its overall quality, it can be distracting as you're scoring and understanding your practice questions. Just as this book dives into the math section of the ACT, my next two recommendations closely examine the verbal, or English and Reading sections. Best ACT Books for English and Reading I'm grouping these books together for two reasons. First, the skills you develop for English are helpful for Reading, and vice versa. Secondly, both guides come from the same author, Erica Meltzer, and have similar pros and cons. Let's look first at Meltzer's book on the English section of the ACT. The Complete Guide to ACT English by Erica Meltzer Amazon price: $26.52 Pros 75 questions in 45 minutes, oh my! The English section is definitely fast-paced. To make sure you finish in time, you need toquickly and efficiently identify each grammar rule being tested and pick the right answer choice. Erica Meltzer explains all the grammar rules you need to know for this section in The Complete Guide to ACT English, like verb agreement, word pairs, and transitions. Similar toPrepScholar's approach, she breaks the section down by skills and drills you on each one to ensure you can apply them in context. Throughout the text are cumulative reviews so you can practice your widening range of concepts. The practice questions in this book are realistic and take the same passage format as you'll see on the ACT. Meltzer's lessons are straightforward, clear, and to the point. You can also find extra tips for both the English and Reading sections onher blog, The Critical Reader. Cons One immediately evident con of this book is the cost. At almost $30, it is relatively expensive considering it only covers one of four sections. Plus you'll need to use it alongside the Red Book, if not other books for even more practice tests and questions. This book is "no frills," meaning it doesn't have a lot of description or creative graphics. Some students find it dry, while others appreciate that she cuts out extraneous material. The formatting can get a bit tedious with a lot of small font on each page, but the content remains high quality. Finally, you have to be careful about answering questions that are arranged by skill. While it's a great way to learn and reinforce each grammar rule, you also must practice applying these rules on real practice tests. Real tests won't be arranged in order for you, so you need to ensure you can quickly identify and apply each rule randomly without them being labeled for you. In addition toher grammar rules in The Complete Guide to English Grammar, Erica Meltzer also does a great job of presentingthe Reading section of the ACT. The Complete Guide to ACT Reading by Erica Meltzer Amazon price: $30.39 Pros Like her English book, Erica Meltzer's The Complete Guide to ACT Reading is a great resource for students serious about gaining a strong Reading score. She has realistic passages from prose fiction, humanities, social science, and natural science with high quality practice questions. The Reading section can be harder to break down than, for instance, the Math section, but Meltzer manages to clearly outline the skills and concepts you need. She categorizes the Reading question types into literal comprehension, big picture, vocabulary in context, inference, and tone/attitude questions. Along with a clear lesson, she has questions illustrating each of these important types. Along with these skills, this ACT book teaches you how to manage both your time and your stress. Meltzer gives strategies for mapping the passage, strategically reading them in order, and using skimming techniques to your advantage. She offers a few different approaches so that students can figure out what works best for them. At the end of the book are two practice tests, each with four passages and 40 questions each. That's another 70 minutes of practice testing to add to the hours you get from the Red Book and Barron's ACT. Cons Like its English counterpart, this book is relatively expensive, especially for a book of only 120 pages that covers just one section. It's also not all that creative in its layout, with small font filling up thepages. Some students find its style to be dry, which can make self-study harder to maintain if you're not engaged with the material. Like the English guide, this book is arranged by question type and skill, like big picture questions and determining tone. This is a great way to recognize question types and apply skills, but you also want to make sure you can identify and apply skills when the questions are in random order. All of the books I mentioned are exceptionally strong in some areas and not so useful in others. Taken together, they might feel a bit overwhelming - where exactly do you start? Read on for my suggestions on how to come up with a study plan that uses these books in a logical way. X marks the treasure(d ACT score)! Study Plan with ACT Prep Books Should you start reviewing content or learning about strategies? Is it better tobreak into your first practice test or leave it until you've done some studying? What if you juststackthe books in a pileand try again tomorrow? So many questions, somuch time....if you're planning to study intensively and devote many hours to ACT prep, that is. I wouldn't recommend attempting to read these books from cover to cover without a thoughtful plan. Instead, I recommend mapping out a plan and schedule that concentrate your review on the areas in which you need it most. First off, you need to uncover those areas where you need the most intensive prep. I recommend using a practice test as a diagnostic test, just as Barron's ACT suggests. For your most accurate diagnostic tool, you should use one of the official practice tests from the Red Book. Time yourself in a quiet room with no distractions. After you score your test, mark the ones you got wrong and figure out the reasons for your mistakes. Go over the answer explanations thoroughly, and take notes on where you need to review. If you struggled on geometry questions, for instance, you could start with geometry review. If you kept running out of time on Science, consult the time management study guides on the Science sections. You should review every section, but concentrate your prep on your weaker areas. Consult this guide of recommended ACT prep books for content review. Barron's is a comprehensive breakdown of all the sections, while The Ultimate ACT Math Guide and Erica Meltzer's books focus intensively on one section at a time. Teach yourself these concepts, drill them with practice problems, and measure your progress with practice tests spaced out along the way. The Black Book is best for students who have a strong foundation in the math, verbal, and science concepts and skills. You could save Black Book strategies for after you've done some content review. As you study, continue to keep a critical eye on question types and difficulty level of questions, as well as analyze themistakes you make on practice tests. Focus on the areas where you need to improve your performance and confidence the most. Dive into your weaknesses to see the biggest score improvements. Since this type of planning is so unique to each individual, it can be tough to know exactly what the best approach is for you. Before you start planning, I would encourage you to explore your options for test prep. Are Books the Best Option for Intensive Study? Taken together, these ACT books have a huge amount of knowledge to impart. It can be a big challenge, though, to get all that knowledge...imparted. You have to havea tremendous amount of self-discipline and sustained motivation to spend 100+ hours poring over these books. In addition, you have to design an effective study plan, rather than repeating the same kinds of questions that won't end up improving your score. Besides these challenging efforts, books can also get expensive. All together, these add up to over$100.In the old days of test prep (ie, 5 to 10 years ago), books were a mainstay of SAT prep. But with the advent of online prep programs, which combinethe unparalleled advantagesof technology with human expertise, books are no longer the only, nor necessarily the best, option. One of the reasons I'm a big fan of PrepScholar's approach is because it makes the test prep process more enjoyable. It does a lot of the behind-the-scenes work for you, by diagnosing your academic profile and building a study regimen that complements your skills and learning style. It incorporates all the strengths of these books while seamlessly taking care of the customization and accountability aspect. Besides trying out PrepScholar's 5 day risk-free free trial, you can also explore our detailed study guides on all sections of the ACT. Some especially helpful ones include The Best Way to Review Your Mistakes on ACT Questions Should You Guess on the ACT? 5 Guessing Strategies The 31 Critical Math Formulas You Must Know The Complete Guide to ACT Grammar Rules ACT Vocabulary: Words You Must Know How to Write an ACT Essay, Step by Step How to Get a Perfect ACT Score, by a 36 Full Scorer If you're looking to devote a good amount of time to prepping for the ACT, then you want to ensure you're making the most of it. By exploring your test prep options and the abundance of free resources online(though no ACT preparation books pdf free download), you can make an informed decision that will help you enjoy the process and ultimately achieve the scores you seek for your college applications. What's Next? For more detailed strategy guides on all sections of the ACT, including the best ways to study and manage your time, explore our continually updated articles here. Are you deciding when to take the ACT for the first time (or second or third)? Read about how to choose your test dates here. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. 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Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and Customer Satisfaction Essay

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and Customer Satisfaction Strategy - Essay Example However, with the incorporation of IMC, the marketers have perceived that an effective strategy relies on the integration of messages into various media. Nowadays, online marketing has been widely used by marketing teams due to the consumers’ demand for technology. Traditional media such as newspaper and magazine have low market share and audience reach when compared to interactive media. Thus, the advertisers rely mostly in online advertisements to reach diversified users as part of the company’s marketing goals. This paper analyzes the advertising strategy of Nike Incorporated in the IMC perspective. It examines the alignment of marketing goals to the marketing strategies of the company that aim to satisfy the consumers with their products and services. Furthermore, this will entail the method of measuring the effectiveness of advertising and the level of customer’s satisfaction. Organizational Background Nike is a Greek goddess that signifies victory. Indeed, the brand name is known for its high quality products in the area of sports. Before Nike originated, the business name was Blue Ribbon Sports which was established by American manufacturers in January 25, 1964. Nike is focused on marketing the sports categories including apparel, equipment, footwear, and accessory products. It has been associated with different trademarks such as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan, and Nike Skateboarding, plus the brand extensions like Converse and Cole Haan. Moreover, Nike is known for the swoosh sign or the wing of Greek goddess where its name derived. The â€Å"Just do it† advertising slogan adds to the popularity of Nike in the sports section (Deng, 2009, p. 102). Media Plan Advertising Strategy Nike is known globally due to its marketing strategies in broadcast and print, and the recent innovation that enables to reach wide audience is the internet. Nike aims to â€Å"sell a global brand through marketing that appeals to local taste (Goldman & Papson, 1998, p. 4). That’s why, they have unified slogan, themes, and advertising message. Furthermore, to become the leading manufacturer of sports products, Nike envisions itself to carry the legacy of innovative thinking through creative modification of the message and services (Nike, 2011). For an instance, Nike has recognized of the male superiority imposed by the brand image of Nike; hence, they reach women’s athletes to erase the negative identification by creating fashionable footwear and using advertising to convey their message. Due to the successful assimilation of Nike’s slogan, it aims to continue the â€Å"Just Do It† principle into â€Å"Just Done It† which signifies the purpose of this company to persuade consumers. To sustain its brand image as the leading sportswear manufacturer, Nike advertises its products through partnership with the sports icons such as Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods, Lance Armstrong, and Lebron Jame s that represent strength and determination. Nike communicates their message in TV commercials by using humor that appeals to consumers. In addition, sports magazines are ideal tools for Nike, since they have a specific target audience. Few examples are Runners World, Backpacker, and Midwest living. The low cost advertising strategy is outdoor advertising where Nike utilizes billboards located in a traffic area and bus stops. Moreover, the most innovative approach to consumers is interactive marketing wherein Nike

The Impact of the growing attention between GCC and China Thesis

The Impact of the growing attention between GCC and China - Thesis Example The main reason for the study is that most countries across the world have for the past engaged and created a relationship with the ‘west’ especially the United States since it has been renowned as the world super power. The current investigation is a perfect example of how GCC which has member states such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia have taken a bold step in ‘looking east’ in order to satisfy the needs of each other especially economically,   politically and further. In fact, it could be argued that since the terrorist attack in the United States in 2001 among other related issues, most countries across the world with the inclusion of the GCC member states have now opted to break new grounds in the East by declaring their interest in participating and getting involved in China’s progression. Moreover, this study is aimed at ensuring that there is clear justification on why the   GCC member states have resolved on approaching China in most if not all their developments. In fact, the study will seek to discuss reasons as to why other countries, particularly in the developing world, understand the impact that is likely to emerge when there is the continuous growth of attention between the GCC and China.   The relationship between these two entities is continually intertwined since the GCC is renowned worldwide for the production of oil, gas and other energy-related products necessary in stabilizing, and further enlarging the economic power that is needed by China for the world at large.

Origins and Principal Teachings of the Sacred Scriptures of Judiasm Essay

Origins and Principal Teachings of the Sacred Scriptures of Judiasm - Essay Example Sinai† (Robinson, pp. 50-59). Judaism is a belief grounded within the sacred, moral, as well as communal regulations as they are expressed in the ‘Torah’. Jews talk about the Bible as the ‘Tanakh’, an acronym for the wordings of the ‘Torah, Prophets, as well as Writings’. Other holy texts consist of the ‘Talmud’ and ‘Midrash’, the rabbinic, officially permitted, and narrative understandings of the Torah. The modern subdivisions of Judaism fluctuate on their understandings as well as functions of these texts (Robinson, p. 99). The four most important activities within Judaism these days are conventional, traditionalist, transformation, and Reconstructionist, respectively ranging from conventional to moderate to faithfully progressive within their use of Torah. Though varied in their outlooks, Jews carry on to be integrated on the foundation of their common association to a set of holy accounts communicating their a ssociation with deity as a sacred people. Judaism tends to highlight practice on faith. Jewish reverence is centered in synagogues, which totally substituted the Second place of worship following its devastation during 70 C.E. Jewish spiritual leaders are known as rabbis, who supervise the several customs and rituals necessary to Jewish spiritual practice. â€Å"The Jews are not a race† (Robinson, p. 392), because they include inhabitants of all colors and ethnic kinds. Jews determine the issue of classification by depicting themselves as citizens, with uniqueness, which includes components together with religious conviction, traditions, language and historical recollection. It follows that Judaism is more than a belief or a faith system. It might best be explained as a sacred way of life, beginning in the historical description of the Jewish citizens. In this sense, â€Å"Jews perceive themselves as a family unit, tracing their beginnings to the ‘Biblical Patriarchsâ €™, usually dated as 1900 BCE (Before the Common Era)† (Robinson, pp. 190-215). As they travelled all over the world, the Jewish inhabitants carried with them particular religious as well as ethical standards, brilliant writing and a sense of ongoing history - the belief recognized as Judaism. Jews have faith in a single God who has no form or shape, who is both the maker as well as the ruler of the universe, and who lays down an ethical rule for humankind. In particular, â€Å"the conventional view of Jewish beginnings is founded on the patriarchal accounts found in the Hebrew Bible† (Solomon, p. 50-56). These accounts reveal an effort by the early Israelites, the antecedents of the Jewish inhabitants, to trace the origin of their population to single family unit that started to discriminate itself from those of other early cultures by the respect of one God. Even though these texts were written more or less a thousand years subsequent to the incidents explained, t hey are a consequence of the allegories linked with the historical origins of what people passed down verbally through the generations. Jews outline their descent, in addition to the origins of their religious conviction, to the â€Å"Patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob† (Robinson, p. 283). The liberation of the Jews in Europe during the 19th century led to the growth of ‘Progressive Judaism’, mainly within Germany, which wanted to settle in Jewish rule and