Small Scale Textile Industry

SMALL SCALE TEXTILE INDUSTRY ABSTRACT India is the world’s second largest producer of textiles and garments after China. It is the world’s third largest producer of cotton—after China and the USA—and the second largest cotton consumer after China. The Indian textile industry is as diverse and complex as country itself and it combines with equal equanimity this immense diversity into a cohesive whole. The fundamental strength of this industry flows from its strong production base of wide range of fibres / yarns from natural fibres like cotton, jute, silk and wool to synthetic /man-made fibres like polyester, viscose, nylon and acrylic.The growth pattern of the Indian textile industry in the last decade has been considerably more than the previous decades, primarily on account of liberalization of trade and economic policies initiated by the Government in the 1990s. In producer-driven value chains, large, usually transnational, manufacturers play the central roles in coordinating production networks. This is typical of capital- and technologyintensive industries such as automobiles, aircraft, computers, semiconductors and heavy machinery.Buyer-driven value chains are those in which large retailers, marketers and branded manufacturers play the pivotal roles in setting up decentralized production networks in a variety of exporting countries, typically located in developing countries. This pattern of trade-led industrialization has become common in labour-intensive, consumer-goods industries such as garments, footwear, toys, handicrafts and consumer electronics. Large manufacturers control the producer-driven value chains at the point of production, while marketers and merchandisers exercise the main leverage in buyer-driven value chains at the design and retail stages.Apparel is an ideal industry for examining the dynamics of buyer-driven value chains. The relative ease of setting up clothing companies, coupled with the prevalence of dev eloped-country protectionism in this sector, has led to an unparalleled diversity of garment exporters in the third world. Apparel is an ideal industry for examining the dynamics of buyer-driven value chains. India’s textile industry comprises mostly smallscale, non-integrated spinning, weaving, finishing, and apparel-making enterprises. In this term paper, we study about the small scale Indian Textile Industry, its importance, role, roducts, finance, subsidies, attractiveness and the growth. We also present opportunities in this sector, the challenges, jobs and salaries in these industries. HISTORY OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY India has been well known for her textile goods since very ancient times. The traditional textile industry of India was virtually decayed during the colonial regime. However, the modern textile industry took birth in India in the early nineteenth century when the first textile mill in the country was established at Fort gloster near Calcutta in 1818.The cotton textile industry, however, made its real beginning in Bombay, in 1850s. The first cotton textile mill of Bombay was established in 1854 by a Parsi cotton merchant then engaged in overseas and internal trade. Indeed, the vast majority of the early mills were the handiwork of Parsi merchants engaged in yarn and cloth trade at home and Chinese and African markets. The first cotton mill in Ahmedabad, which was eventually to emerge as a rival centre to Bombay, was established in 1861. The spread of the textile industry to Ahmedabad was largely due to the Gujarati trading class.The cotton textile industry made rapid progress in the second half of the nineteenth century and by the end of the century there were 178 cotton textile mills; but during the year 1900 the cotton textile industry was in bad state due to the great famine and a number of mills of Bombay and Ahmedabad were to be closed down for long periods. The two world wars and the Swadeshi movement provided great stimulus t o the Indian cotton textile industry. However, during the period 1922 to 1937 the industry was in doldrums and during this period a number of the Bombay mills changed hands. The number of mills increased from 178 with 4. 5 lakh looms in 1901 to 249 mills with 13. 35 lakh looms in 1921 and further to 396 mills with over 20 lakh looms in 1941. By 1945 there were 417 mills employing 5. 10 lakh workers. The partition of the country at the time of independence affected the cotton textile industry also. The Indian union got 409 out of the 423 textiles mills of the undivided India. 14 mills and 22 per cent of the land under cotton cultivation went to Pakistan. Some mills were closed down for some time. For a number of years since independence, Indian mills had to import cotton from Pakistan and other countries.After independence, the cotton textile industry made rapid strides under the Plans. Between 1951 and 1982 the total number of spindles doubled from 11 million to 22 million. It incre ased further to well over 26 million by 1989-90. A SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY In most of the developing countries like India, Small Scale Industries (SSI) constitutes an important and crucial segment of the industrial sector. They play an important role in employment creation, resource utilization and income generation and helping to promote changes in a gradual and phased manner.They have been given an important place in the framework of Indian planning since beginning both for economic and ideological reasons. The reasons are obvious. The scarcity of capital in India severely limits the number of non-farm jobs that can be created because investment costs per job are high in large and medium industries. An effective development policy has to attempt to increase the use of labor, relative to capital to the extent that it is economically efficient. Small scale enterprises are generally more labor intensive than larger organizations.As a matter of fact, small scale sector has now emerged as a dynamic and vibrant sector for the Indian economy in recent years. It has attracted so much attention not only from industrial planners and economists but also from sociologists, administrators and politicians. Definition of Small Scale Industry: The Small Scale Industries Board in 1955 defined, â€Å"Small-scale industry as a unit employing less than 50 employees if using power and less than 100 employees if not using power and with a capital asset not exceeding Rs. 5 lakhs†. ‘The initial capital investment of Rs. lakhs has been changed to Rs. 10 lakhs for small industries and Rs. 15 lakhs for ancillaries in 1975. Again this fixed capital investment limit was raised to Rs. 15 lakhs for small units and Rs. 20 lakhs for ancillary units in 1980. The Government of India in 1985 has further increased the investment limit to Rs. 35 lakhs for small-scale units and 45 lakhs for ancillary units. Again the new Industrial Policy in 1991 raised the investment ceilings in plant and machinery to Rs. 60 lakhs for small-scale units and Rs. 75 lakhs for ancillary units.As per the Abid Hussain Committee's recommendations on small-scale industry, the Government of India has, in March 1997 further raised investment ceilings to Rs. 3 crores for small-scale and ancillary industries and to Rs. 50 lakhs for tiny industry. THE TEXTILE AND APPAREL SUPPLY CHAIN TRENDS IN PRODUCTION- YARN AND FABRIC (SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES) Yarn and fabric production has been annually growing at 1. 9% and 2. 7% respecitvely since 2000. Yarn production has increased from 3,940 mn kg in 1999? 00 to 4,326 mn kg in 2004? 05. Man? made yarn has driven much of this, showing a robust growth of 4. % in the last five years. Spun yarn production and the cotton yarn sector have also grown, albeit less impressively, recording growths of 2. 4% and 0. 6% respectively. Fabric production has been growing at 2. 7% annually between 2000 and 2005, driven primarily by the smallscale, independent powerloom s ector. Growth in the 100% non? cotton segment touched 5%, followed by cotton fabric at 1. 5% and blended fabric at 0. 3%. Fabric production touched a peak 45,378 million sq mtrs in 2004? 05, and in Nov 06, production recorded a robust 9% growth compared to the corresponding period in the previous year.STRUCTURE OF INDIA’s SMALL SCALE TEXTILE INDUSTRY The textile sector in India is one of the worlds largest. The textile industry today is divided into three segments: 1. Cotton Textiles 2. Synthetic Textiles 3. Other like Wool, Jute, Silk etc. All segments have their own place but even today cotton textiles continue to dominate with 73% share. The structure of cotton textile industry is very complex with co-existence of oldest technologies of hand spinning and hand weaving with the most sophisticated automatic spindles and loom.The structure of the textile industry is extremely complex with the modern, sophisticated and highly mechanized mill sector on the one hand and hand spin ning and hand weaving (handloom sector) on the other in between falls the decentralised small scale powerloom sector. Unlike other major textile-producing countries, India’s textile industry is comprised mostly of small-scale, nonintegrated spinning, weaving, finishing, and apparel-making enterprises. This unique industry structure is primarily a legacy of government policies that have promoted laborintensive, small-scale operations and discriminated against larger scale firms: ?Composite Mills Relatively large-scale mills that integrate spinning, weaving and, sometimes, fabric finishing are common in other major textile-producing countries. In India, however, these types of mills now account for about only 3 percent of output in the textile sector. About 276 composite mills are now operating in India, most owned by the public sector and many deemed financially ? sick.? In 2003-2004 composite mills that produced 1434 m. sq mts of cloth. Most of these mills are located in Guja rat and Maharashtra. ? SpinningSpinning is the process of converting cotton or manmade fiber into yarn to be used for weaving and knitting. This mills chiefly located in North India. Spinning sector is technology intensive and productivity is affected by the quality of cotton and the cleaning process used during ginning. Largely due to deregulation beginning in the mid-1980s, spinning is the most consolidated and technically efficient sector in India’s textile industry. Average plant size remains small, however, and technology outdated, relative to other major producers.In 2002/03, India’s spinning sector consisted of about 1,146 small-scale independent firms and 1,599 larger scale independent units. ? Weaving and knitting The weaving and knits sector lies at the heart of the industry. In 2004-05, of the total production from the weaving sector, about 46 percent was cotton cloth, 41 percent was 100% non-cotton including khadi, wool and silk and 13 percent was blended c loth. Three distinctive technologies are used in the sector – handlooms, powerlooms and knitting machines.Weaving and knitting converts cotton, manmade, or blended yarns into woven or knitted fabrics. India’s weaving and knitting sector remains highly fragmented, small-scale, and labour-intensive. This sector consists of about 3. 9 million handlooms, 380,000 ? powerloom? enter-prises that operate about 1. 7 million looms, and just 137,000 looms in the various composite mills. ?Powerlooms? are small firms, with an average loom capacity of four to five owned by independent entrepreneurs or weavers. Modern shuttleless looms account for less than 1 percent of loom capacity. Fabric Finishing Fabric finishing (also referred to as processing), which includes dyeing, printing, and other cloth preparation prior to the manufacture of clothing, is also dominated by a large number of independent, small-scale enterprises. Overall, about 2,300 processors are operating in India, incl uding about 2,100 independent units and 200 units that are integrated with spinning, weaving, or knitting units. ? Clothing Apparel is produced by about 77,000 small-scale units classified as domestic manufacturers, manufacturer exporters, and fabricators (subcontractors).ANALYSIS OF THE MATERIALS India’s textile industry comprises mostly small-scale, non-integrated spinning, weaving, finishing, and apparel-making enterprises. Wool: India’s wool industry is primarily located in the northern states of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan. These three states alone account for more than 75 per cent of the production capacity, with both licensed and decentralized players. The woolen industry provides employment to approximately 1. 2 million people. Silk: India is the second largest producer of silk in the world, contributing about 18 per cent to global production.Growing demand for traditional silk fabrics and exports of handloom products has spurred growth in silk demand. Jute: Jute industry occupies an important place in India’s economy, being one of the major industries in the eastern region, particularly in West Bengal. It supports nearly 4 million farming families, besides providing direct employment to 260,000 industrial workers and livelihood to another 140,000 people in the tertiary sector and allied activities. Handloom: The handloom sector is based on Indian traditional crafts. It employs nearly 7. million people and contributes 13 per cent to cloth production. ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE – THE THRUST AREAS Textile Industry is unique in a sense that despite it being mainly small-scale, it follows the principles of large scale industries. The major thrust areas are:? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Innovative marketing strategies Diversification of product Enhancement of textile oriented technology Quality awareness Intensifying raw materials Growth of productivity Increase in exports Financing arrangements Creating employment opportunities H uman Resource DevelopmentGROWTH AND OPPORTUNITIES The future outlook for the industry looks promising, rising income levels in both urban and rural markets will ensure a rising market for the cotton fabrics considered a basic need in the realm of new economic reforms (NER) proper attention has been given to the development of the textiles industry in the Tenth plan. Total outlay on the development of textile industry as envisaged in the tenth plan is fixed at Rs. 1980 crore. The production envisaged in the terminal year of the Tenth plan are 45,500 million sq metres of cloth 4,150 million kg of spun yarn and 1,450 million kg of man made filament yarn.The per capita availability of cloth was 28. 00 sq meters by 2006-2007 as compared to 23. 19 sq meters in 2000-01 showing a growth of 3. 19 percent. Some of the factors that led to growth of this sector are: The textile industry has been doing extremely well during the last few years in terms of production & export and has been investin g heavily in expansion and modernization of capacity. India has been experiencing strong performance in the textile industry, across different segments of the value chain, from raw materials to garments. Domestic production has been growing, as well as exports. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? High operational efficiency in spinning and weaving Low-cost skilled labor Large and growing domestic market Easy availability of raw materials State-of-the-art design capabilities Well-established network of related and supporting industries Sophisticated machines of higher speed and production capability Lower raw material costs, wastage costs and labor costs when compared to other countries Fully developed textile value chain extending from fiber to fabric to garment exports Favorable demand conditions Managements with business background ? ? ?Presence of qualified technical personnel Large domestic market Availability of testing facilities JOBS AND SALARIES Small scale industries are labor intensive an d they provide a large number of jobs but the salaries are not so high. Small scale textile firms don’t produce sufficient profit so as to give high salaries to the laborers. But, most of the jobs have job security because of the perennial nature of the work. The workers are skilled and hence not easily replaceable. A very important point when it comes to small scale textile industries is the large involvement of women and hence a great women employability ratio.CHALLENGES FOR SMALL SCALE TEXTILE INDUSTRIES The small scale Indian textile industry is reeling under manifold problems. The major challenges that the industry faces:- ? Sickness Sickness is widespread in the Indian textile industry. After the engineering industry, the cotton textile industry has the highest incidence of sickness. As many as 125 sick units have been taken over by the Central Government. ? Obsolescence The plant and machinery and technology employed by a number of units are obsolete.The need today is to make the industry technologically up-to-date rather than expand capacity as such. This need was foreseen quite some time back and schemes for modernization of textile industry had been introduced. ? Government Regulations Government regulations like the obligation to produced controlled cloth are against the interest of the industry. During the last two decades the excessive regulations exercised by the government on the mill sector has promoted inefficiency in both production and management. This has also resulted in a colossal waste of raw materials and productive facilities.For example, the mills are not allowed to use filament yarn in warp in order to protect the interest of art silk and power loom sector which use this yarn to cater to the affluent section of society.? ? Competition from other Countries In the international market, India has been facing severe competition from other countries like Taiwan, South Korea, China and Japan. The high cost of production of the India n industry is a serious adverse factor. ? Labor Problems Small scale industries are labor intensive. The Indian Textile Industry is frequently plagued by labor problems.The very long strike of the textile workers of Bombay caused losses amounting to millions of rupees not only to the workers and industry but also to the nation in terms of excise and other taxes and exports. ? Accumulation of Stock At times the industry faces the problems of very low off –take of stocks resulting in accumulation of huge stocks. The situation leads to price cuts and the like leading to loss or low profits. CONCLUSION The Indian textile industry is currently one of the largest and most important sector in the economy in terms of output foreign exchange earnings and employment in India.The Textile industry has the potential to scale new height in the globalized economy. The textile industry in India has gone through significant charges in anticipation of increased international competition. The i ndustry is facing numerous problems and among them the most important once are those of liquidity for many organized sector units, demand recession and insufficient price realization. The long-range problems include the need for sufficient modernisation and restructuring of the entire industry to cater more effectively to the demands of the domestic and foreign markets for textiles as per the needs of today and tomorrow.REFERENCES 1. http://www. Indianbusiness. nic. in/India-profile/textile. htm 2. http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/textile-Industry. html 3. http://hotdocs. usitc. gov 4. http://www. texprocil. com/annreport/profile-texprocil. doc 5. http://www. aepcindia. com 6. http://www. in. kpmg. com 7. http://pd. cpim. org/2004/10312004-ganguly. html 8. http://www. pdexcil. org/export. htm 9. http://www. giftsnaccessories. com/magazine/Handicrafts/11. htm

Hamlet as a Critical Study Essay

Why is Hamlet still relevant to our studies regardless of the centuries that have passed since its production? Is it worthy in continuing to be a critical study? The reinterpretation that Shakespeare created of Hamlet was based on a number of previous plays including the 12th century Danish Amleth, both these plays are situated around the main theme of being revenge tragedies. The prime aspect of why Hamlet will continue to be relevant as a critical study is due to the themes that the play is centralised around such as existentialism, corruption and illusion vs. eality. These universal themes engage audiences of any society, even four centuries later, creating a timeless classic. The literary devices utilised within the play, such as the iambic pentameter, antithetical language and word play create an engaging atmosphere which captures the imagination of any audience making it worthy of a critical study. The ambiguity, open ended, and unanswered questions that Shakespeare utilises leaves the audience open to interpretation, thus allowing the play to relate to the specific context to which it is being viewed and studied. This makes it worthy of a critical study as a personal response is erected and the audience is emotionally involved with the play as they find common grounds with the universality of themes and notions presented. This can be seen through differing productions of Hamlet such as Damien Ryans play and Tony Richardsons film, which are directed to sustain an audiences engagement regardless of the context. Shakespeare uses techniques such as metatheatre and a mouse-trap to further engage the audience and reflect on himself respectively as the audience can see that both Shakespeare and Hamlet use the theatricality of the play to withdraw emotion from their selected audience. Through these techniques and thematic concerns, along with the central plot, it is shown why Hamlet is worthy of critical study. Act I Scene V of Hamlet serves as a key scene in the play as it is when Hamlet is commanded by the ghost to revenge his â€Å"foul and most unnatural murder. † In this scene Hamlet is told that Claudius is to blame for the death of his father and the ghost exhorts Hamlet to seek revenge, telling him that Claudius has corrupted Denmark and corrupted Gertrude, having taken her from the pure love of her first marriage and seduced her in the foul lust of their incestuous union. Corruption is exposed within this scene due to the focus that the ghost sets on Gertrude and her domestic affairs rather than the political state that Denmark is undergoing. The ghost has exposed himself to Hamlet for the first and last time as the audience is told, and rather than focusing on the political state of the country as the honourable king would do, the ghost insists on complaining about his beloved Gertrude marrying his brother, the ghost even says â€Å"Let not the royal bed of Denmark be a couch for luxury and damned incest†. This represents corruption as the audience would have expectations of the original king to have a higher concentration for the future of his country rather than the scandalous affairs of his widow. An act of corruption is also exposed to the audience when Hamlet learns that Claudius, the machiavellian character, has performed the shocking act of killing a king also known as regicide, the ghost explains Claudius to be â€Å"the serpent which did sting thy fathers life now wears his crown† which presents the contextual view of regicide, as he portrays him in a negative manner. Contextually, the Elizabethans watching the play would have found these acts of treason completely taboo and unacceptable emphasising the density of corruption in the scene and even to this day, such acts of treason have a severe penalty as they are completely deplorable. Through this we can see the significance of the situation and how it relates to any context making it worthy of a critical study. In two contrasting productions of Hamlet, the ghost is presented in two opposing views entirely. In Damian Ryan’s production, the ghost is introduced to the audience in a ripped up, run down trench coat, he is barefoot and wrapped in a rope. The ghost is presented to us as exhausted and weak, contrary to the king that he was before. Damian Ryan choses to portray the ghost in a modest way in comparison to the way he dressed when he was king. The use of these costume and props may serve as a representation of the after life to the audience in explaining that after death, it does not matter whether a man dies a king or a peasant, in the after life all will be the same. The lighting that is used during this scene is spotlight focusing directly on the ghost himself making him the main point of interest yet sometimes it was clearly seen that the light would travel both in front and behind him representing the purgatory state that the ghost was in as he was in a phase of in-between where the ghost had not entirely crossed over yet. Through the lighting this was portrayed to the audience, showing the lighting and film techniques create representations of what idea may be desired to be presented. In contrast to this, in the Tony Richardson adaptation of Hamlet, the ghost is not even seen by the audience. What can be assumed though, is that the ghost appeared in armour as Horatio states â€Å"yes, my lord, he wore his beaver up. † the ghost being presented in armour opposes the ghost in Damian Ryan’s production as in the film, this representation may present the king as a symbol of authority even after his death. We are also told that the ghost is wearing the same armour the king wore during the last battle he fought against Fortinbras, this presents symbolism as the king is shown as a influential character, not presented as weak because of purgatory. Taking into consideration that the king set the play into motion therefore the audience is aware of the influence he carries. A film technique that was used in Tony Richardsons production was the absence of the kings figure. Although the audience was aware of his presence, we are never exposed to him. This raises further ambiguity over the reality of the ghost presenting the idea of illusion and reality. An intricate web of illusions vs reality is also depicted in this scene as the notion of a ghost or apparition appearing to someone was not a complete surprise during the Elizabethan era, but during this context, a spiritual form appearing could mean several distinct ideas. When a ghost appeared, people believed it could either be an angry spirit seeking revenge, a devil in disguise as a trustworthy figure or simply a projection of one’s imagination. However Hamlet seems to be surprised at the sight of his passed father standing before him but why is this? Ambiguity is raised in this scene as the audience questions whether the ghost is Hamlets imagination or the real spirit of King Hamlet reaching out to his son. Due to the Elizabethan audience that the play was originally written for, a religious view must be taken into consideration, the main religions circling at the time were the Protestants, who believed ghosts were a figment of imagination and the Catholics who believed they were real spirits. The ambiguity of this scene is left in question as we know from Horatio, Bernardo and Francisco that the ghost was real and not simply Hamlets imagination because the ghost had appeared to them, in contrast to the ghost being invisible to Hamlets mother later in the play. This all depicts illusion vs reality as the audience is left questioning what is real and what isn’t leaving the unanswered questions open to be interpreted. Therefore, building a personal response to the reality of the ghost, making it worthy of a critical study. A literary device employed by Shakespeare in the scene is the iambic pentameter, throughout the play the audience learns that through the presentation of a characters speech, the interest or the state of mind can be easily depicted by Shakespeare’s device. When a character is speaking in prose, they are completely engaged in the conversation and the rhythmic flow creates a certain interest with both the audience and the character they are conversing with. In this scene, the ghost clearly speaks to Hamlet in prose, this is due to the notion that what the ghost is confiding in Hamlet is clearly important and the use of the iambic pentameter creates a flow of interest so that both the audience, and Hamlet are engaged in what is being spoken. Contrary to this, Hamlet replies in single sentences such as â€Å"Murder! â€Å", although this does not necessarily mean that Hamlet is disinterested, it could present the idea that Hamlet’s mind is too preoccupied with gathering the many thoughts that the ghost has presented. From this literary device, it is clearly illustrated that Hamlet is clearly slightly confused and shocked, trying to process his thoughts. Although the audience is not told this, a personal response would suggest this idea as the ambiguity that is presented. Through this personal response it is clearly shown that Hamlet will continue to be worthy of a critical study. This point in the play can be considered the pivotal event and sets the main plot into notion, also developing the main character of Hamlet as the ambiguity created between the contrasting themes of illusion and reality. It is directly after this scene that Hamlet starts to feign madness in the play and although the audience is well aware of the reality that Hamlet is merely alluding everyone into believing he is mad, the characters in the play start to question his sanity. This shows Hamlet to be an enigmatic character as there is always more to him than the characters in the play can figure out. Hamlet is presented as overly analytical and indecisive during the attempts to avenge the death of his father. Throughout the play, Hamlet is always held back by his consideration of religion, beliefs and the notion of doubt regarding the honesty of the ghost. A view into the mindset of Hamlet is presented though his thoughts and actions as we can see the existentialist character build within him. We see him often think about the afterlife and questioning the quality of someone’s afterlife according to his moment of death, we even see Hamlet contemplate suicide. â€Å"The everlasting had not fix’d his cannon gainst self-slaughter† shows the struggle within Hamlet as he despises his life’s conditions of the moment and wishes he could end it. The character Hamlet is aware of morals and knows that suicide would lead to hell, therefore he would rather live in â€Å"an unweeded garden† rather than suffer the consequences. Another way the audience is exposed to why Hamlet is a person of morals is due to the desire to avenge his father, although this is carried out by a recurring impossibility. Yet, when Hamlet returns from his uncompleted trip to England, we can see the character more determined on Claudius’s death than any other part of the play, he realises he must serve action. Hamlet presents a serious intent to end his inaction and indecisiveness when he proclaims â€Å"O, from this time forth my thoughts be bloody ore be nothing worth† explaining to the audience that his main focus will be revenge on Claudius to avenge his father. Although Hamlet is portrayed as the anti-hero in the play, and the audience create a personal response of frustration at his inaction and over thinking, he is eventually successful in overcoming the in-action and finally seeking what was asked of him by his father. Hamlet becomes aware that the indecisiveness is due to a lack of self determination and starts focusing solely on revenge.

Argumentative Essay On Animal Testing - 1154 Words

Most people are aware that animals are used for testing on many different products such as food, drugs, and cosmetics. Animals are used for testing on these different products before they are released to humans to ensure it’s safe for human use, the reason animals are used such as rats and chimps is because they share about 99% of the same DNA as us humans. Many medical breakthroughs have happened because of the use of animal testing, according to the California Biomedical Research Association, â€Å"nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals.† Without testing on animals humans would be much more likely to get certain cancers or diseases from products. Despite the positive sides†¦show more content†¦Many cosmetic companies recently have came out by saying they have banned animal testing on their products and are now cruelty free, some of those brands are Kat Von D, Anastasia Beverly Hills, Nyx, and Dose of Colors just to name a few out of the 101 that are cruelty free. Animal testing on cosmetics in the US is not something that is mandatory, in China however, they do require all cosmetics are tested on animals first. Some companies based within the US send their products to be tested on animals there rather than here in the US. Most cosmetics are tested on smaller animals such as rice, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs. The tests often performed according to The Humane Society are, â€Å"skin and eye irritations, eating of products to see if there’s the potential for cancer or other defects, and testing the dosage to see how much would cause death.† All of these tests are performed against their will and without any pain relief. The truth is, companies that sell cosmetics and beauty do not need to test on animals at all, there are already safe alternatives that do not harm any animals or humans, such as using ingredients in their products that have a long history of being safe for human use, by using these ingredients no animal testing needs to take place before selling them to humans. Most companies stick to using animal testing as a way to test out new products they haveShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Animal Testing1189 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Experimentation Animal experimentation has become a common practice among scientists around the world for various purposes, specifically including the improvement of human lives. With this in mind, to what lengths are we willing to go far enough to realize that animal experimentation is costing us our own humanity and compassion to the world around us? 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This gives them a biological ability to deter pests and reduces the need for chemical pesticides that persist in the environment and cause damage long after they have been applied. I chose to include it to the

Racism In Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail

In, Letter from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. response to eight white men of the religious leaders in the South, who issued a caution of his appearance in Birmingham, Alabama. For the incompetent people before him, King uses the theme of racism and examples of it. In a city where injustice happened every day to people of color, experiencing this himself, King wrote about the actions taking place. In a jail cell, detained for not having the right â€Å"permit† for protesting (King 1). The government announcing, they were in the argument of â€Å"outsiders coming in†, but in the actual sense, he was invited by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. (King 1) Also, because of the destruction that the government inflicting and the†¦show more content†¦That event takes place every single day, he and his brothers have been fitting this war against injustice. That he is tired of waiting for the right moment to start fitting back and that they should ju st sit there and just watch as it happens. â€Å"For years now I have heard the word â€Å"wait.† It rings in the ear of every Negro with a piercing familiarity† (King 3). But now King shows his readers through this and the security that he is ready for a new chapter where the African American people will finally rise up against the oppressors and fight for their basic rights for equality. King states,† We have waited for more than three hundred and forty years for our God-given and constitutional rights. Those nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jet-like speed toward the goal of political independence, and we still creep at horse-buggy pace toward the gaining of a cup of coffee at a lunch counter (King 3)†. Through Ethos, he shows his readers that they can trust his credibility of the issue and he is strong on his word that there will be change. King gets contact with the readers emotional side with Pathos. He uses Pathos to draw the reader in and them feel the same emotions that people of color deal with. â€Å"When you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact you are a Negro, living constantly at tiptoe stance, never knowing what to expect newt, plagues with inner fears and outer resentments, when you areShow MoreRelatedSociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail1214 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail Abstract The paper analyses Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† from a sociological point of view and shows how three major theories (structural functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interactionism) are treated in the letter. The paper shows different appreciation of King’s ideas and works by his contemporaries and modern people. It also explores the concepts of â€Å"nonviolentRead MoreBirmingham Jail Functional Theory1638 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail (1965) is important from both historical and sociological points of view. It is an example of self-sacrifice as in idea for the of equality of all people. Formally, King addresses this letter that he wrote while in Birmingham jail at the clergymen who opposed his protests. In fact, he applies it to everyone who approves of racism, and considers the methods of nonviolent struggle to be too radical and far fetched from achieving an actua l goalRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Analysis1617 Words   |  7 Pagesand Civil Rights activist, Mr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. King was a middle class, black man with a life-long devotion of implementing ethnic equality to African Americans nationwide. Following one of Rev. King’s peaceful protests in Birmingham, Alabama, he was jailed on accounts of â€Å"parading without a permit† (King 3). While in jail, Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote a response to â€Å"A Call For Unity,† written by eight white clergymen of Birmingham, regarding King’s actions as â€Å"unwise and untimely†Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1281 Words   |  6 Pagesyou know it. Martin Luther King Jr. was a pastor who knew it was time to stand up for African American rights. Martin Luther King Jr. was attempted to convince his readers that his beliefs on racism are true. His main focus, and audience, is the eight white clergymen and the wh ite moderate churchgoers. He is a credible source on the topic of segregation and his tone is smooth and gentle. He was not hateful in his tactics. He gets his point across rather calmly. Martin Luther King Jr. doesRead MoreAnalysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1074 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Letter from Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King Jr. In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. was serving a prison sentence in a jail in Birmingham, Alabama for nonviolently protesting through sit ins and marches.. It was during this time that King, outraged by the criticism of his methods of nonviolent direct action, wrote one of the most thoughtful arguments for civil disobedience and direct action against unjust and immoral laws. King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a poignant rebuttalRead MoreEssay on Letter From Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King Jr.742 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr. one of many great influential speakers wrote a life changing letter after being arrested for peacefully protesting African American rights. While sitting in jail Dr. King received a letter from clergymen questioning his motives and timings for being in Birmingham. In a response Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. writes a â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† vividly expressing physical and emotional purposes for his presence in Birm ingham, AL. First, in the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†Read MoreAntigone And Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail831 Words   |  4 Pages54 years ago, and even during the BC ages was it a problem. Dr King’s letter explains how he knew he broke the law by blocking a road, but did it due to the racism and injustices that were happening. In Antigone, she buries her brother even though he was not meant to, and due to she is a female and that she broke the law that was unjust her consequence is to die. Sophocles’ Antigone and Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† explore a common theme that law sometimes conflicts with justiceRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr : Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail Hao Ran Hu SUNY Broome Hao Ran Hu Global History Professor St.Clair 2016 Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail One of the interesting Documents in World History is the ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’ by Martin Luther King Jr who was born as Michael King in 1929 in Atlanta. His parents wereRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Dr. Martin Luther King1510 Words   |  7 PagesLetter from Birmingham Jail was a letter written by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. from a solitary confinement cell in Birmingham, Alabama. Some portions of the letter were written and gradually smuggled out by King s lawyer on scraps of paper including, by some reports, rough jailhouse toilet paper. Violent racist terror against African Americans was so horrible in Birmingham in the summer of 1963 that the city was being referred to by some locals as â€Å"Bombingham†. King had been arrested while participatingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail812 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1960’s, racism was still a prominent problem in America. The Civil Rights Movement was under way. Afri can Americans were fighting for their basic human rights. One of the most notable figures of the Civil Rights Movement was Martin Luther King Jr. He fought for African American’s rights using nonviolent resistance; however, during a protest in Birmingham, Alabama, Dr. King was thrown into jail. While in his jail cell, Dr. King wrote a letter to clergymen from the Birmingham jail claiming his

Lack of Judgment by King Lear Essay - 1323 Words

Lack of Judgment by King Lear King Lear is a play written by William Shakespeare that focuses on the relationships of many characters, some good, and some evil. This is a great tragedy that is full of injustice at the beginning and the restoration of justice towards the end. The good are misjudged as evil and the evil are accepted as good. It is not until the end of the play that the righteous people are recognized as such. There is great treachery and deceit involved in the hierarchy of English rule. King Lear and Gloucester both make great mistakes by banishing their righteous children and trusting in treacherous characters. Lear made the great mistake in this play when he decided to divide up his†¦show more content†¦It was obvious that she loved her father, but she could not express it the way in which Lear wanted her to. Because of this, she was disowned. Cordelia married the King of France and moved there. King Lear even referred to her as, Unfriended, new adopted to our hate, dowred with our curse, and strangered with our oath(I,i,203-204). Cordelia later showed her love for her father when she received the letters concerning Lears mental state after mistreatment at the hands of his two other daughters. It was said that, now and then an ample tear trilled down her delicate cheek(IV,iii,12-13). Cordelia then ordered some of the French soldiers to bring Lear to her so that she could look after him. Her love was further displayed when she said, But love, dear love, and our aged fathers right. Soon may I hear and see him(IV,iv,28-29)! Because of all this, I firmly believe t hat Cordelia truly loved her father and was only being honest when she refused to profess an all-encompassing love for him in order to rule a portion of Britain. Besides believing that Cordelia was true in her response, I also think that Lear was acting as a fool when he disowned his only loving daughter. He made a monumental mistake when he handed over British rule to his two evil daughters, Regan and Goneril. This is what eventually led to his mental breakdown and the deaths of several honorable and loyal British subjects. If Lear had only chosen to retain control of hisShow MoreRelated Blindness and Sight - Lack of Insight in King Lear Essays1082 Words   |  5 PagesBlindness as Lack of Insight in King Lear   Ã‚  Ã‚   Blindness can normally be defined as the inability of the eye to see, but according to Shakespeare, blindness is not only a physical impairment, but also a mental flaw some people possess.   Shakespeares most dominant theme in his play King Lear is that of blindness.   King Lear, Gloucester, and Albany are three characters through which Shakespeare portrays his theme of mental blindness, that blindness which was the primary cause of their poorRead More Comparing Oedipus Rex and King Lear Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Oedipus Rex and King Lear   Ã‚   Oedipus Rex and King Lear are, as their titles announce, both about kings. These two plays are similar in theme and in the questions they pose to the audience. The kings in each play both fall from the pinnacle of power to become the most loathed of all classes in society; Oedipus discovers that he is a murderer and committer of incest, and Lear becomes a mad beggar. Misjudgments occur in both plays, and the same questions about the gods, fate, and freeRead MoreThe Tragic Consequence of Blindness in King Lear770 Words   |  4 Pagesthe worst blindness of all, believes he sees as the best, and scorns a guide. Blindness is a major theme that recurs throughout Shakespeare’s play, King Lear. Samuel Butler’s quote can be used to describe King Lear, who suffers, not from a lack of physical sight, but from a lack of insight and understanding. Blindness is a factor in his poor judgment. It plays a major role in the bad decisions he makes. It leads to harsh treat ment of those closest to him. It is the combination of these consequencesRead MoreBlindness Of King Lear By William Shakespeare1077 Words   |  5 PagesMona Rupani ENG4U March-9- 2015 How is the theme of blindness explored in King Lear? The play King Lear, written by William Shakespeare, the theme of blindness is clearly illustrated in the characters of King Lear and Gloucester. Both characters are blind to the truth because of their unwariness and poor judgment of character. These two characters refused to see the truth about the ones that are loyal to them. This type of blindness in this play is mental. Mental blindness can also beRead MoreKing Lear as a Tragic Hero997 Words   |  4 PagesThe play of King Lear is a tragedy like many of Shakespeare’s plays, and many of them deal with the tragic hero that end up meeting their demise thanks to their tragic flaw. The tragic hero of this play is King Lear, and he is a man that is a ruler of the kingdom of Britain in the 8th century B.C. He is a very old man surrounded by grave responsibilities, which are taking care of the land and taking care of the citizens of the kingdom. Lear the tragic hero must feel suffering and contrast those goodRead MoreHow th e Sub-Plot Mirrors the Main Plot in King Lear by William Shakespeare895 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Main Plot in King Lear by William Shakespeare One can say that the sub plot does mirror the main plot to some extent. Some are in subtle ways and some are in the more obvious ways. Shakespeare has two plots in order to intensify the main theme of tragedy that runs throughout this play. The main plot is in which King Lear is the tragic hero however it is clear that just by misfortune he is deprived of something very valuable to him by error of judgment and this isRead MoreTheme Of Madness In King Lear976 Words   |  4 Pagesis the result. Ruler of the land, King Lear, betrayed by those he loves, struggles to continue on his life through means of sanity. In William Shakespeare’s play King Lear, madness is brought about through one’s power of authority, self-esteem, and internal conflict. Madness, as a result, is seen when one upholds the highest rank in power. In King Lear, Lear upholds the authority in the kingdom, using his power in forms of abuse, thus resulting in his madness. Lear abuses his power when it is timeRead More Artistic Form in King Lear1240 Words   |  5 Pages King Lear has remained one of Shakespeare’s best works, and one of the best tragedies of all time, since the beginning of the 17th century; however, some early critics believe that certain elements of the story do not satisfy the criteria for a proper tragedy. The two plot elements under speculation are the subplot and the catastrophic ending. The primary focus of the story is set on the elderly King Lear, whose pride and greed blinds him, causing him to banish his only pure daughter, Cordelia,Read MoreKing Lear and Antigone as Tragic Hero Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesBecause Lear is capable of change, he becomes a tragic hero; because Antigone is incapable of change, she never bec omes a tragic heroine. Aristotle defines a tragic hero as someone, usually a male, who â€Å"falls from a high place mainly due to their fatal flaw.† During the highest point of the tragic hero’s life, something is revealed to the protagonist causing a reversal in their fortune. This reversal of fortune is caused by the flaw in their character. Tragedy evokes catharsis, a feeling ofRead MoreKing Lear Character Analysis1511 Words   |  7 Pagesconfusing as a thing to write as the thoughts within his very own mind. King Lear had a mind that could be compared to a light switch. His emotional states change from one extreme to the other with just that flip of the switch. Lear had a vast need for power and control; this combined with his temper and enormous selfishness created room for many mental outbursts. Best stated by Henry Hudson (1911) in his character study of Lear: â€Å"We see in him something of constitutional rashness of temper, which

Mobile Application for Connect Swinburne

Question: Describe about the Innovation through mobile application for the Connect Student Portal of Swinburne Online? Answer: Introduction This report consists of the innovative idea of allowing mobile application for the student portal using Connect which is backed by Swinburne. This way the users will have access to the common platform using mobile phone net connections which is much easier than sitting near laptops and computers. Furthermore this application will allow the users to take the benefit of all the features that face book has to offer. Business background Swinburne has an application called Connect which works to bring together all the students on one platform. The main motive is to allow the users to interact with each other and help the teachers to direct them towards academic requirements and keep a control over their activities. Importance or significance The significance of the report is to allow the users to get in touch with their classmates using a mobile application which is much easier to access. This is so because the mobile phones are easy to use and carry along. In the present day world the mobile phones are also available at cheap rates. Therefore using mobile phones along with internet connections can facilitate the students to easily get connected with their classmates and teacher as well. The importance of this study is therefore to bring facility and comfort in developing an easier mode of connection using Connect. Purpose of report The purpose of the report is to suggest the various plans and features that could be added in the new mobile application of Connect which is the platform for interaction for students and teachers created by Swinburne. Issues to be discussed The issues that are going to be discussed include the followings. Benefits of using mobile applications of Connect. Features that are required to be added in the mobile applications. The main idea behind the above issues discussed is to add value to the business process. The addition of value can result in supporting the business system by adding quality in management and value service to the customers. Limitations and assumptions The limitation of the study is limited to the Swinburne students. The assumption includes the fact that the mobile applications are much easier and compatible to help connect people with each other. Discussion addressing the specifications of this assessment A. Market Gap Analysis; Market Gap Analysis is actually systematic research method of finding out the sales or business enhancement opportunity that is available in the market. Thus by filling these market gaps the company can achieve higher demand for its products and services (Corta, 1993). In our innovation of introducing mobile application for Connect the market gaps that are to filled includes the followings. 1. Access becomes easier: Access to Connect becomes an easier task through use of mobile phone applications. The students will rather find it easy to login and stay connected through their mobile phones applications as mobile phone itself is a compact object that could be carried along throughout the day. Also the requirement is just of the internet connection in the mobile phones which are also easily available. Thus students can stay login throughout the day and give their respond accordingly on Connect. Therefore the access becomes easier through introduction of mobile application. On the other hand, it is rather difficult to stay online using the desktop or laptop as these are bigger objects than mobile phones and cannot be carried along throughout day (Jayachandran, 2004). 2. Easy to understand and apply: Using mobile phone is a regular task for every student. In the present day world every single person has enough knowledge of making full use of mobile phones and its applications on regular basis. Applying mobile application therefore can help the students to easily understand the various features and use it regularly for the main purpose it has been formed. Analytical tools: A number of analytical tools can be used to fill marketing gap. The best used method is rich picture diagram. This is actually the representation of pictures along with arrows to place the possible activities in the clearest way. This method can be displayed as follows that supports the idea of mobile application for Connect. Benefits obtained from filling of the gap: A number of benefits can be obtained from filling of the marketing gap which can be stated as below. Access to Connect becomes easier for every student. It can prove to be a more economical method to stay connected. Student can use their experience of mobile phones to understand the varied features of mobile application. It will help student to stay connected throughout the day. Quick responses can be expected through the mobile applications which help stay connected all the time. Teacher can easily dictate next day task through mobile application which helps the student stay updated with the progress in the class. The demand for the application will rise. New business ventures can be entered. (Kotler Gary, 2006) B. Value Perception customer and business: Value perception is actually the mindset of customer towards the worth of the product or service. The value perception rises with the rising mindset of the customer towards a definite product which can achieve by advertising or other promotional activity. The propose mobile application can help in adding value by increasing it ability to reach out to various students and capability to make them all available online throughout the day adds value perception to this varied feature of mobile application for Connect(Terence, 2002). Competitive advantage is the cutting edge benefit that a business could gain in competition to other companies in the industry. The competitive advantage is actually tried to be achieved by adding a feature in the product that could help it differentiate from other competitors products. Also the promotion of a product with a celebrity adds to the competitive advantage. Some companies may move to achieving economies of scale which help them achieve low cost of production and gain competitive advantage for the company. For example, the company with an ability to produce automobiles with its own produced engines and latest designs instead of buying accessories from other companies will be able to achieve competitive advantage in terms of saving money during the production process(Jayachandran, 2004). The competitive advantage that Swinburne can gain from the mobile application of Connect includes the followings. Economical way to connect: In the present day world there exist a high variety of internet supporting mobile phones which are able at economical rates. This way staying connect is no longer a high cost expenditure. Economical mobile phones with internet packages are available in the market which could help in bringing cost effectiveness in connecting with others through Connect. Ability to compete with other similar applications: The mobile application of Connect will help in competition with other similar applications such as Face Book, Twitter, Whats App which are actually present day popular social connecting applications. The use of Connect can therefore be made to provide similar features but in a more responsible manner. That is the access will be open to the teacher and students of Swinburne so that every respond is received in a more responsible manner. The main motive is to deliver quality education in controlled environment and a responsible way. My thoughts: As a board CEO and a successful business owner I want to implement this proposal as I think this will not only prove to provide connection and quality education to the students but will also prove to be a beneficial deal. Through this online medium the various academic book printing companies can give their advertisements to support the education process. Also various contests can be entered by students that could help them prove their worth on the national front. Finally it can help earn good money by helping develop a business which allows the various companies to look at the proceedings and hire students after going through their records. Thus the application on one hand could help the students get good jobs and on the other hand could help the university earn as a supporting recruiter to help companies hire the most suitable candidate for them after going through the proceedings occurring online. C. ICT strategies: Information Communication Technology or ICT strategies are actually meant to communicate information to the various related parties in an organization using technological upgrade like computers, laptops, mobile phones etc. ICT has helped the present day business in the growth and development process. There exist a relation between ICT and ecommerce. Ecommerce is actually an outcome of ICT strategy which supports the idea of developing platform through online medium. The main feature of ecommerce is to bring customer and employees on one platform so that they could interact with each other for placing orders and giving feedback. Also the employees are also allowed to interact within organization so as to achieve high output and gains for the organization(Harris, 1999). This way the innovation has helped in improving business processes as follows. Proactive actions taken by the management to assist customers. Customers are facilitated to view at various products and services from home. Customer support system helps in assisting them during purchase and even after sale. Easy and quick calculations of sales and output can be retrieved from online portal. Company secrecy is maintained. Customers from distance places can be reached. Huge sales targets can be achieved. (Heger, 2007) Role of various activities that supports and improves business process includes the followings. 1. CRM Activities: CRM or Customer Relationship Management includes the managing of company activities and interactions with the potential customers so that the desired outcome can be achieved. It includes activities like use of computers and net connections for recording, analyzing and reviewing of the information related customer service, sales etc. 2. HRM Activities: HRM or Human Resource Management includes the managing of the employees in an organization. Thus the human resource management activities includes recruitment,selection, training, staffing and organizing of the employees in an organization such that the best person is employed for the specific job. 3. SCM Activities: SCM or Supply Chain Management includes management of the supply chain by coordinating various related activities using technological upgrades. This includes planning and execution of the various processes related to supply chain for achieving organization goals and objectives. 4. ERP System Activities: ERP or Enterprise Resource Planning is management software that helps in collecting and analyzing data related to sales, marketing, inventory etc. This way it is an integrated support system that helps in application of various business activities. The possible security risks and threats with this new technological innovation include the followings. Fear of personal and secret information leakage by cyber hackers. Software problems can lead to loss of important information. Misuse of technology for bothering others. Requirements of seamless internet connection. Expenditures on twenty four support system for the business that has been developed on latest technological up gradation. D. Time to market and costing including Gantt chart: The competitive advantage that the mobile application for Connect can offer to the student and Swinburne includes its compatibility with the student resource. That is the mobile application will help in proceedings of class related projects and other serious talks that could help in learning. Also the availability of student resource through mobile application will help students learn and understand from where ever they want to(Waldman, 2006). For instance if a student is working part time then he can stay connected with the class work and other students and could respond accordingly and learn better just with the help of the mobile applications. The estimated duration and cost of the innovation can be explained as follows. Activity Preceding Activity Duration (months) Cost ($000's) ES EF LF A 1 20 0 1 1 B A 5 45 1 6 6 C A 2 30 1 3 11 D B 4 52 6 10 10 E C 2 40 3 5 13 F D 4 56 10 14 14 G D,E 3 36 10 13 16 H F 2 30 14 16 16 I G,H 4 60 16 20 20 Total 27 369,000 The activities can be defined as follows. Activities Work A Taking thoughts of various students on project through surveys. B Making initial Investment in mobile application through assigning task of making mobile application to the professionals. C Reviewing progress and giving second installation for progress of making mobile application D Making pilot survey of mobile application on selected students. E Third installation made to the professionals along with the feedbacks from surveys for improvements. F Fourth installation made and the application is tried on selected students G Further improvements is suggested H The application is tested on all students offering them access to the application through free registration. I Final installation is paid and the application is bought. This way the whole project will take 27 months and 369,000 dollars as expenditures to achieve a perfect mixture of feature for the project of developing the best mobile application of Connect. Conclusion: In the end, the mobile application can help in achieving various objectives including the benefit to the student who can stay connected with the class work. The students can easily interact with other fellow students and teacher as well to gain knowledge and understand the class proceedings. This way the various class projects can be completed easily in accordance with the connection that supports the availability of teacher and other students online. The varied features in the mobile application will also help in browsing the various student resources so that the students who are working part time could access the information from their mobile phones and make full use of the mobile application in learning process. This way the mobile application intends to support the whole education system. Finally it could also help the students getting good jobs and recruiter getting access to the year on proceedings of the students to decide on the best candidate for their job. Also the universi ty can earn good money by offering the software application available to other colleges and university. Swinburne could even earn a mediator for recruitment by offering data though this software. References: Bibliography Abiodun, E.J.A., 2009. Human Resources management, an overview. 110-121: Concept Publication. Armstrong, M., 2006. A handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (10th edition). London: Kogan Page. Corta, J.W., 1993. TQM for sales and marketing management. McGraw-Hill. Goldstein, D., 2007. What is Customer Segmentation. [Online] Available at: mindofmarketing.net. Hamiliton, F. Cynthia, J.B., 2005. The importance of context, beliefs and values in leadership development. Business ethics: A European Review, p.4. Harris, T.L., 1999. Value-Added Public Relations. McGraw-Hill Professional. Heger, B.K., 2007. Linking the employee value proposition (evp) to employee engagement and business outcomes: Preliminary findings for a linkage research pilot study. Organization development Journal, pp.121-33. Hofstede, G., 2001. Culture's Consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Jayachandran, S., 2004. Marketing Management. Excel Books India. Kotler, P. Gary, A., 2006. Principles of Marketing. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Malhotra, N.K., 2002. Basic Marketing Research: A Decision-Making Approach. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.: Prentice Hall. Oribabor, P.E., 2009. Human Resource Management: A Strategic Approval. Human Resource Management, pp.9(4): 21-24. Rowold, J., 2008. Multiple effect of Human Resource Development interventions. Journal of European Industrial Training, pp.32-44. Samli, C.A., 1995. International consumer behavior: its impact on marketing strategy development. Quorum Books. Snower, D., 1996. Acquiring Skills: Market failures, their symptoms and policy responses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Terence, J., 2002. International HRM: A Cross-Cultural Approach. London: Sage Publications. Ulrich, D., 1996. Human Resource Champions. The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Waldman, D., 2006. Cultural and Leadership predictors of corporate social responsibility values of top managment: A Globe study of 15 countries. Journal of International business studies., 37(6), pp.823-97. Appendix:

Slavery and sectional attitudes free essay sample

During the mid 1800’s many Americans began to have mix feelings over the issue of slavery. Many northern Americans believed that slavery was morally wrong and that it was an evil. Southerners on the other hand believed it was a good for the economy as well as for commerce. This great split of attitudes between the north and the south eventually led to threat of the civil war. The North saw the issue of slavery as an evil. They believed that slavery was an impurity that became accustomed to life in America, in which made other systems of commerce forgotten. In a nation where freedom and equality is given, the property owning of people is wrong. In Hinton Helper’s â€Å"The Impending Crisis,† Hinton stresses the economic effects of slavery to the U. S. He goes on suggesting that the U. S cannot depend on only slavery and the staple crops to pull the nation forward. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery and sectional attitudes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Especially, if the nation wants to become a great political nation, it should seek other means for obtaining wealth. (Document E). In every way Hinton tried to impose the idea that the north can also provide much commerce like the south. There was no need for slavery to continue in a growing society where the nation can do more than just produce cotton. The north was able to produce and manufacture products without the use of slaves, why couldn’t the south? That’s what many northerners believed. Though if abolitionist got their way in ending slavery then there would be an end to the cultivation of cotton. The country cannot go on cultivating such a ‘prized’ crop without the hands of slaves. It was an impossible thought for the south. If labor work didn’t continue in the south then the south would fall. (Document B). Abraham Lincoln’s speech in Illinois (Document D) warned all Americans that if the exploitation of slaves for a profit continued then the nation may dwindle and maybe even their freedom. The use of slaves in the U. S went against our very own principles of freedom and equality. But not everybody felt that way. Southerners believed that slaves were not only more reasonable and useful but also more comfortable than the factory works of England or Irish peasants. The peasants of foreign countries are treated more harshly with excess amounts of labor plus the add-ons of horrible working conditions. However, southerners such as Governor George McDuffie argue that slaves in the south are exempt to those harsh conditions ever since the slave trade ended. Most southerners believed that they were doing a â€Å"favor† for slaves since slaves were uneducated people. They believed that by clothing them, feeding them, and putting a roof over their head they were creating a good for these people. Pro-Slavery South believed if these uncivilized people went off into the world, they wouldn’t survive, so for them to be bought into slavery was not only helping them out but it was also creating wealth for the economy. (Document A). However, the anti-slavery novel â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† which sold up to 270,000 copies is what more or less convinced folks  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œthat were against the anti-slavery reforms– that slavery was dehumanizing. This book fired up the emotions of most northerners to run to the aid of abolitionist. Though this book revolutionized the minds of many, it also depicted the south in a negative way. Many southerners were outraged because to them slaves were a common thing in life. (Document F). So common of a thing that there were even slaves that cared for white children and raised them (Document C). Slavery in the U. S during the 1800’s was a debated topic. It was important for northerners to try and revoke slavery in the nation for it was a true evil. Then again, it was important for southern commerce, economy, and life itself. Slavery was not just an issue dehumanized people, but it was an issue that split the country. Not everyone was in favor for it. Northerners fought to prohibit the use of slavery in the country, for there were more ways to produce commerce. Southerners fought to allow the use of slavery in the country, for it created an economic boost in the cotton industry.